28 KAI.M'S ENGLAND. 



in Sweden is yearly occupied with our gardes-gardar. 

 Still it seems that such mud walls would not do well for 

 fences with us, because our great cold [T. I. p. 380] in 

 winter and the thaw, tjalen, would tear them down, so 

 that they would require too much repairing. When these 

 English mud walls began to tumble down in any place, 

 they took some of the earth which was dug up in the 

 ditch beside the wall, and daubed it over the sides of the 

 wall till they were quite flat, or if the hole was large it 

 was filled up with the earth just named. They are very 

 anxious about this, that grass and plants should grow on 

 the sides of the walls, for it hinders rain and frost in the 

 winter from injuring the walls so much ; because these 

 plants and their roots bind the earth, and besides that 

 overgrow it so that it then tumbles down less. 



The 1st of May, 1748. 



Meadow-inclosures round London and their 

 grass-growth. 



We said just now that on most sides of London, close 

 in to the town, there lie among other inclosures several 

 inclosed meadows or pastures, angs-tappor eller 

 beteshagar, with high earth-walls round them. The 

 grass-growth in them was very thick and luxuriant, 

 nearly everywhere, and was now a foot high or more. 

 We saw here to-day plants of Alopecurus culmo erecto, 52 \_A . 

 pratensis, Meadow Fox-tail grass], which was nearly two 

 feet high, and its spikes, spicce, were everywhere out in 

 flower. The grand opportunity for getting all kinds of 

 choice manure here in London to spread on these 

 meadows is the thing that especially contributes to this 

 fertile growth. Their owners derived a very large profit 

 from this source, for some of these pastures were let to 

 those who kept cows, to supply the town with milk; 

 others were hired, out to butchers, to keep there for a 



