34 KALM'S ENGLAND. 



bits inlaid on the top. All these walls are built of brick. 

 Plank-fences made of boards were also used here in many 

 places, but the boards which were used for this purpose 

 were no other than those they had bought from old 

 broken up ships and boats, Skepp, farkostar, OCh 

 batar, which were still quite full of nails. Thus they 

 knew in this woodless district how to make use of old 

 ships and boats after they had become useless for the sea. 

 They also availed themselves very much of hedges as 

 fences. Hawthorn was the tree of which most hedges 

 consisted ; but besides this I also saw hedges of elm, 

 especially of a [T. I. p. 395] small kind of it, also of yew, 

 maple, sloe, and several others, Barrlind, AfVenbok, 

 Slan, &C. In gardens no tree was so much used for 

 hedges as yew, Barrlind, Taxus, which admitted of 

 being clipped and managed in various ways. How they 

 used reeds for a shelter has just been told (p. 393 orig.). 

 Besides ordinary vegetables there were planted in the 

 market gardens which lay nearest the high road all kinds 

 of flowers, which the passers by bought and carried away 

 with them. I saw also the whole of this season both 

 men, old women and girls, Karlar, karingar, och 

 pigor, walk or sit in the streets of London with baskets 

 full of all kinds of flowers, bound in small bunches, 

 knippor, which they offered to the passers-by, who also 

 bought them in numbers. The vegetables which were 

 most numerous in the market gardens at this season were 

 beans, peas, cabbages of different sorts ; leeks, Purio, 

 Allium porrum, L; Pip-16k, A. fistulosum, L; Gras- 

 16k, A. schcenoprasum, L., chives; radishes, lettuce (?) 

 " Sallad " ; asparagus, sparis, spinach. The greater 

 part of these were sown in rows, so that they could more 

 easily clear away the weeds between them with English 

 hoes, tvara hackor, and keep the earth loose. Between 

 the rows of peas, beans and cabbages there was a distance 



