54 KALM S ENGLAND. 



It went up and down in long sloping hills with valleys 

 between. We had a continuous series of well-built 

 villages, gentlemen's houses, ploughed fields, meadows, 

 orchards and gardens, kitchen - gardens, commons, 

 utmarker, &c. 



The country was everywhere divided into small in- 

 closures, with hawthorn and other hedges round them, 

 so that one could only suppose that he was travelling all 

 the way through a garden. Here and there appeared 

 small woods of all sorts of leaf-trees. When a view of 

 the country was obtained from some of the highest hills, 

 backar, it looked pretty enough ; but the great number 

 of hedges caused it to look, a little farther off, as though 

 it were entirely overgrown with woods, through which 

 some brick house peeped here and there ; for as the 

 inclosures were for the most part small here, the hedges 

 prevented the ploughed fields and meadows which lay 

 between them from being seen. 



[Defer American Note.] 



[T. I. p. 425.J 



Godsel lagd i hogar; angars godning. 



Manure laid in heaps ; manuring meadows. 



Nearly everywhere here in England it was the prac- 

 tice to carry out dung and other dirt, which is collected 

 in farms and villages, and lay it in large heaps by the 

 ploughed fields, to lie there for a time and ferment toge- 

 ther. Those who live round London buy the dung and 

 refuse which is collected in the streets, and carried out 

 and laid in large heaps outside the town. This manure 

 they afterwards carry out in the spring on to their mea- 

 dows, market gardens, ploughed fields, &c, lay it in some 

 corner of them, or also on the common close by, in a 

 great heap, where it lies the whole summer under the 



