LONDON AND SUBURBS. 69 



[T. I. p. 406.] The lyth May, 1748. 

 Fences or barriers around meadows, market gardens, 

 &c, of Ox-horn. I have above in several places described 

 the fence, stangsel OCh hagnad, which they mostly 

 use near London round their kitchen gardens and 

 meadows, &c, which consists of high cast-up earth walls, 

 mull-vallar, but now I will tell about another kind of 

 fence, hagnad, which they also avail themselves of here 

 very much, and is such : An earth-wall is cast up in the usual 

 way. The breadth or thickness at the ground is made 

 proportionate to the height of the intended fence, for the 

 higher the wall the broader the basis. When the earth 

 has been cast up to a height of about six inches it is 

 levelled all over the top. Thereupon they have ready to 

 hand a multitude of the quicks or inner parts of Ox- 

 horns ; for the outer part of the horn itself, is taken off 

 and sold to comb-makers and others who work in horn ; 

 or these have, after they have bought the whole horn 

 from the butcher, retained the outerpart, and left the 

 inner and useless part for this behoof. This quick is so 

 cut off that part of the skull commonly goes with it. 

 The quicks are then set quite close beside one another 

 over the earth that has been cast up for the wall, and 

 this so that the larger and thicker ends of the quick, or 

 that to which a portion of the skull is attached, is turned 

 outwards or lies just in the face of the side of the wall. 

 In this way two rows of quicks are laid, viz. : one row 

 on one side of the wall, and the other on the other, so 

 that the small ends of the horn quicks meet in the 

 middle. Over this is afterwards cast earth about six 

 inches thick, when again in the aforenamed manner is 

 laid a stratum of double-ranged ox-horn quicks [T. I. 

 p. 407], viz., so that one row turns the large ends 

 towards one side, and the other towards the other. 



It is thus continued alternately, skiftevis, with earth 



