Il8 KALM'S ENGLAND. 



Virginia, but its home is farther south. Dr. Mitchel 

 believed also that it is scarcely found in Pennsylvania 

 because it is too cold there for this plant. I have since 

 found this was true, and that linen is prepared from its 

 leaves. 



[T. I. p. 420. J 23rd May, 1748. 



Nearly the whole afternoon was spent at the house of 

 Mr. Catesby, a man who is very well known for his Natural 

 History of Carolina in America. In this work he has in- 



Frislanda of the Zeno narrative is another matter, and such is the 

 confusion of this story, that it is not wonderful that Forster has 

 scattered the names shown upon the Frislanda of the Zeno map, over 

 the Orkneys, the Hebrides and the Faroes. The Frislanda of Christopher 

 Columbus was also most probably the Faroes.' The Friesland referred 

 to by Kalm is evidently that of the Zeni. The map of 1666, which 

 he saw at Dr. Mortimer's, was probably one of Seller's. The largest 

 and most detailed map of Frisland is that which occurs in the Lafreri 

 Atlas (1550-1575), of which only two perfect copies are known to exist. 

 It contains, with three notable exceptions (viz., Monach, Ledovo, and 

 Ilofe, which are not in the field of the Lafreri map), all the names on the 

 Zeno map, but is much larger, and the island is shown covered with trees, 

 fields, towns, &c. Unfortunately, the map, a later copy of which may be 

 found in the British Museum under the name " Petri de Nobilibus formis, 

 S. 10. I. (156)," is not dated, so that a doubt remains which of the two maps 

 is the older. It is usual, however, to reduce a small map from a large one 

 and not to elaborate a large map from a small one, and this would point to 

 the probability that the Lafreri map is earlier than the much smaller and less 

 detailed Zeno map. However this may be, Frisland kept its place on many 

 of the principal maps of the XVIth and XVIIth centuries. 



Against the theory of submergence or destruction there is no physical 

 impossibility, or even improbability, as the alleged site of the island lies 

 within an area in which the land is sinking, and in the neighbourhood of 

 extinct volcanoes. But it is incredible that a large island with many towns 

 and ports, and having constant and considerable mercantile transactions with 

 Flanders, Brittany, England, Scotland and Denmark, as alleged in the Zeno 

 narrative, in the XlVth century, should have totally disappeared without 

 some record of such a remarkable catastrophe having been preserved in the 

 histories of those countries with which it traded. On this account alone the 

 submergence theory must be rejected, and the identity of Frisland with the 

 Faroes maintained. [F. W. L.] 



