128 



Corylus, 787 [C. Avellana] Hazel. 



Primula Veris, 161, Primrose. 



Chelidonium Minus, 460 [Ranunculus Ficaria]. 

 The gth March, 1748. 

 Hackar, hedges, were planted around allploughed fields, 

 meadows, and pastures, gardens and kitchen-gardens, and 

 often around the ordinary courtyards and farmyards. 

 Instead of a plank-fence, plank, round the fields, 

 meadows, and pastures, they had first of all dug a ditch 

 and cast up the earth on the bank of the ditch. In this 

 banked-up earth there were afterwards planted small 

 shoots, either of hawthorn [Cratoegus Oxyacantha], 

 blackberry-bushes, 409, or dogrose, 406, Torne, mixed 

 together. The hedges especially consisted most of 

 hawthorn with blackberries and dogroses, interspersed 

 here and there. The hawthorn was five times as 

 numerous as the other two put together, if not more, 

 and the blackberry bushes quite three times as many as 

 the dogrose. At first, as long as these shoots were still 

 small, they had set up beside them a dead fence, en dod 

 hack, which was a kind of gardesgard, in which the 

 twigs of the afore-named thorny bushes were instead 

 of a fence, stangsel. Before the gardesgard, or 

 dead fence, had become old, the planted trees were 

 already so grown up, that they could afterwards fence off 

 all cattle and completely fulfil their office. 



[T. 1. p. 154.] The height of these hedges was com- 

 monly 6 feet, 9 feet, and sometimes 12 feet ; sometimes 

 also only 3 or 4 feet. The thickness was from 2 feet to 

 6 feet or more. In these hedges accidents such as wind, 

 birds, mice, &c, have afterwards planted several other 

 trees, as oaks and ashes ; Hornbeams 786 [Carpinus 

 Betulus], Afvenbokar; Flader, 250 [Sambucus Nigra], 

 Elder; Elms 219; Agrifolium {Raj. Syn. 466) [Holly] Ivy, 

 190, and other leaf- trees. 



