144 KALM'S ENGLAND. 



collected in the houses, are cast out into the street by 

 the servants, where they are afterwards shovelled to- 

 gether in heaps, and laid in the dung-wagons to be 

 carried out of the town to some particular place where 

 they are shot. Such a wagon or cart as is used for 

 cleaning the town has the advantage, that it does not 

 drive out of the way of anyone it may happen to meet 

 in the street. When farmers and others convey anything 

 into the town to be sold, they seldom drive with an 

 empty load home, but they mostly take a wagon full of 

 this manure out with them from the places where it is 

 collected together. Some of these places are such, that 

 the ground on which the dirt is laid belongs to one person 

 who lets it out to another, who does not allow anyone to 

 take a load from it, who does not pay a certain price 

 for it. 



[T. I. p. 177. J Other places again are of this descrip- 

 tion, that anyone has freedom to take the dirt from them 

 without paying anything for it. For this reason farmers 

 who live not far from London, do not take the trouble to 

 seek after Mar le and other manures on their own properties 

 because they have such a good opportunity for providing 

 themselves with excellent manure from London. Those 

 who sell this dirt are said to derive large incomes from it 

 in the course of a year, and a farmer does not think much 

 of paying a few pence for every load he takes on the 

 return journey home in an otherwise empty wagon. 



The 24th March, 1748. 



Genista Spinosa vulg. Raj. Syn. 475, is called by the 

 Englishmen Furze. It is used in some places here in 

 the country for hedges round the arable fields, meadows, 

 &c, but this is not so very common. The reason why 

 it is so little used for this purpose is said to be principally 

 that when it has stood three or four years the lowest 



