ISO KALM'S ENGLAND. 



Halm til godsel. Straw as manure. 

 Straw of wheat, barley, oats, pease, beans, &c, 

 was given to the cattle as fodder at home, and what 

 they did not eat was cast into the farmyard, to be 

 trampled down and turned into manure, in the same 

 way as has been' described above (p. 251 orig.) This we 

 saw done at every farm, where we travelled in England. 



Godselns utforsel. Sow the manure is carted. 



The manure which had been prepared in the above 

 manner we now saw in many places, being carted on to 

 the fields, and there [T. I. p. 344] laid in small loads 

 or heaps. 



These carts, karror, were very large, and made in 

 such a way that the body, skrafvet, could be turned 

 and sloped down backwards after a cross-board at the 

 back had been first taken off, when the manure slid down 

 by itself, after which the body of the cart fell back into 

 its former horizontal situation. Such carts are used for 

 the same purpose at many places in Sweden, only that 

 the English ones are far larger. 



Hum akrarna voro lagde, &c. How the fields were 

 arranged, &c. 



The fields were here everywhere divided into smaller 

 or larger inclosures surrounded with hedges, of all sorts 

 of different kinds of trees, as has been mentioned above 

 at Little Gaddesden. As the country here lay by turns 

 in hills and dales, so also the situation of the arable 

 fields was adjusted accordingly; yet they commonly lay 

 on the sides of the hills. 



The soil at the top of them was the brick-colored 

 earth, tegel-fargade jorden, which has been described 

 above at Little Gaddesden, but under that, at a greater 

 or less depth, solid chalk came on nearly all the arable- 



