164 KALM'S ENGLAND. 



them I found in them some of the yellow ants, de gula 

 etter-myror [Formica rubra]. I asked some English- 

 men what they thought was the origin of these hillocks, 

 tufvor. They answered that the first cause is the mole, 

 mullvaden, which casts up the heaps ; but afterwards 

 the ants, myrorna, take up their quarters in them and 

 increase them. 



A 



Akrarnas lage och hafd har vid Woodford. 

 The position and cultivation of the- ploughed fields near 



Woodford. 



The country here round Woodford does not lie level 

 like a planum, but all slopes towards the east side so 

 that it has full advantage of the morning sun. All the 

 other arable and grass fields situated in this part of 

 Essex, slope in the same way either to the one side or 

 the other. The subsoil here consists of a brick-colored 

 clay dividing into cubical masses, Jordmon harstades 

 bestar af en tegel-fargad i tarningar fallande 

 lera, mingled with coarse sand and small Pebblestones, 

 which Pebblestones are small round stones which there 

 consist of ordinary flint, but other fragments of flint 

 than these, such as there were on the fields in Hert- 

 fordshire do not occur here, for those which were found 

 there were mostly broken pieces of flint, sdnder- 

 remnade flint-stycken, with a chalk crust round 

 them, and with very sharp edges ; but these Pebblestones 

 are mostly small, quite round, and very smooth on the 

 surface, overdrawn with a petrified white calcareous 

 surface, krit-skarpa.* Those who lived here, denied 

 altogether that any chalk, krit-barg, occurs in this 

 district round Woodford, but they maintained that all 



* These bleached flint pebbles will mostly effervesce with nitric acid. 



[J-L] 



