WOODFORD. 165 



the hills there consisted of the recently named brick- 

 colored clay, coarse sand, and Pebblestones. For 

 [T. I. p. 357] cultivating the fields there were used here 

 the plough, harrow, roller, spade, etc. These ploughs, 

 plog, were nearly like the Essex Plough, which in some 

 things resembles the Hertfordshire [Buckinghamshire and 

 Bedfordshire ; Kalm had forgotten the county] foot 

 plough but has a broader ploughshare, bill, and no 

 foot; the mould-board, vand-bradet, is also better 

 placed. Only one person used the Hertfordshire single 

 wheel plough. The harrows, roller, and spade, exactly 

 resembled those we have in Sweden. They used also 

 here, while harrowing, to fasten sometimes three or more 

 harrows side by side, as has been before described in 

 Hertfordshire. The wheat is mostly sown here in Six- 

 bout-lands but sometimes also in the manner practised 

 in Hertfordshire in stitches or two-bout-lands or as it is 

 called four-thorough-land. The breadth of a six-bout-land 

 was commonly 6 ells (12 feet) sometimes less. The 

 water-furrows between these " lands " were 18 inches 

 wide at top, their depth often nearly a foot. These 

 six-bout-lands sloped somewhat on both sides at the 

 ends. In the lowest part the land was designedly made 

 sloping that the water might soon run away. The 

 wheat on all these places stood very beautiful. In 

 some places there were still more, in other places less, 

 than six bout-land, according as the soil of the fields was 

 wetter or drier. Barley, Korn, was sown here very 

 little, and that all in broadland. Pease were sown in 

 drill, 18 inches or 2 feet between every drill or row, and 

 were mostly hoed, hoades, in between, when they drew 

 up the mould with small hoes, hackor, on to their 

 roots. Oats are sown here enough, and that all in broad- 

 land. Potatoes were much planted here by some, and 

 that commonly on a certain piece of the field. The 



