1 66 KALM'S ENGLAND. 



manure was carried out in March on to such a ploughed 

 plot, and spread out over the land. Afterwards the 

 same land was dug up with a spade, when [T. I. p. 358] 

 A the manure came to lie lowest. In this the 

 potatoes were afterwards planted in rows. To 

 do this still more quickly they had a stick, 

 kapp, of the accompanying figure, with which 

 they made a little hole for the potato, to lay 

 it in. D B is the part of the stick that made 

 the hole in the earth when they trod on the 

 , pin C D. No ditches diken, are seen here 

 on the ploughed fields, although the land in 

 B some places might not require them, but the 

 furrows between the stitches would fulfil all requirements. 

 The arable fields were all surrounded with hedges of 

 hawthorn, which were set up and managed nearly in the 

 same way as has been before described in Hertfordshire. 

 All the land about here was divided into small inclosures, 

 tappor, which were either arable fields, meadows, or 

 pastures, all of which were surrounded with hawthorn 

 hedges. 



Beskrivning pa Woodford. Description of Woodford. 



Woodford is a parish or large village with a church in 

 it, which lies in Essex, eight miles N.E. of London. The 

 houses in this place are not built so close together as in 

 several other parishes, but more scattered about. They 

 are all of brick, several stories high, well built, and some 

 of them handsome. The inhabitants are partly Farmers, 

 but still more Gentlemen. The means of livelihood are 

 various. The gentlemen, Gentlemennerne, live mostly 

 on their money, which they get from their property. 

 Bakers, innkeepers, butchers, have an abundant market 

 for their wares, and thus practise a good trade, fdd- 

 krok. Farmers or others who are owners of some 



