172 KALM'S ENGLAND. 



turned round. It lies also with each end of its axle-tree 

 in a post with a hole cut in the top of it, en Uti andan 

 upgrafven Stalpe. To each of the outer longitudinal 

 outer-bars of the frame, langtran, which lie parallel with 

 the axis, there is fastened a foursided cloth, either of 

 coarse linen or wool, which hangs downwards. When 

 the machine is turned round, these cloths, which are 

 four in number, produce a strong wind. The thrashed 

 corn, together with the chaff, agnarne, lies in a coarse 

 sieve or "riddle," rissel, which either stands upon a 

 trestle, tra-stallning, or hangs by ropes. This riddle 

 is placed between the winnowing-machine and the barn- 

 door, logdoren. Thereupon one carl begins to turn 

 the machine round, and another to jog, stota, the sieve 

 backwards and forwards, when the strong wind which 

 comes from the cloths drives the chaff, which together 

 with the grain falls from the sieve, out to and through 

 the lodge-door ; but the grain falls down, the more so 

 the heavier it is, in a perpendicular line. 



Afterwards the grain is sifted and winnowed or 

 fanned once more till it is clean. The faster the machine 

 is turned round the stronger is the wind it produces. 



Anmarkningar vid nagra delar af hushallningen 



Uti Essex. Notes on some branches of Rural Economy 

 in Essex. 



Several of the farmers here kept a large number of 

 cows, from which they got very much milk. I have before 

 [T. I. p. 365.] mentioned that the women never went out 

 to milk, but that this office was always performed by the 

 carls, who went out into the pastures where the cattle 

 were kept, morning and evening, and milked, and after- 

 wards carried home the milk from thence, when it was 

 taken from them by the girls, pigan, who siled it in 

 winter in wooden vessels, trabunkar, but in summer in 



