LITTLE GADDESDEN. 101 



trees which [T. I. p. 181] commonly consisted of 

 hawthorn blended with blackberry-bushes, sloe, ash, oak, 

 ivy (Agrifolium), elm, etc. 



These last-named had mostly been brought there by 

 different chances, such as birds, &c. 



I saw not the smallest sign of such a farm fence, 

 gardesgard, as is used in Sweden, unless the dead 

 fences which are erected in places where an old quickset 

 hedge has been cut down to get a new one to grow in its 

 place, can be called a kind of gardesgard. Gentle- 

 men's estates and farms were scattered here and there. 

 The houses of the former were handsomely built, and of 

 the latter very beautiful, all of brick, sten. In a word, 

 the whole country in Essex as well as in Hertfordshire, 

 through which we progressed, everywhere resembled a 

 garden, tradgard, so that neither nature nor art and 

 diligence had here spared anything which contributes to 

 the adornment of a country. 



Husen, the houses which we saw in this journey 

 were nearly all of brick, sten, yet not everywhere only 

 and solely of brick, but in some places were korssverks- 

 vaggar, ' cross-work walls,' i.e., brick and stud walls. 

 In most places the houses were two or three stories high. 



Of the English house-building I note, that the houses 

 are commonly so built, that even the upper stories, which 

 with us in Sweden are usually only a granary, en vind, 

 consist here of chambers and a room, in which the 

 servants commonly lie, so that the roof slopes just close 

 on to this room, without any granary, Skulle eller 

 Vind, above. 



The walls in the upper stories consist often of thin 

 boards and laths, daubed on the outside as well as the 

 inside with clay and lime, so that it seems as though they 

 were of stone. 



Such thin boarded walls are possible in this country 



