LITTLE GADDESDEN. 203 



plate, takbaudet, afterwards, other straw was laid 

 on that, but a little higher up, ofvanfore, so that the 

 latter comes to cover the upper parts of the first laid 

 straw, together with the withe or band, banden, with 

 which it was bound. In this way it was continued in 

 layers right up to the ridge, krapp-asen, till the whole 

 roof had thus been thatched, tackt. Across the ridge 

 was laid long straw, lang-halm, as much and as thick as 

 one wanted, when it was bent and turned in that position, 

 salunda, down on both sides of the ridge, and was after- 

 wards bound fast in the above described manner on both 

 sides of the ridge. On this thatch there were not laid 

 any sticks, Riskor, or anything else to press down or 

 retain the straw against storm and wind, because the straw 

 was so well fastened that it was not necessary. Besides 

 that, such weights on the straw have the disadvantage 

 that the rain-water easily comes to stand against them, 

 and in these places causes the thatch to rot more quickly. 

 It was wheat straw which the roofs here were thatched 

 with, and in this district it grows very long. 



The 30th March, 1748. 



Svartmyllan,ellerden jorden, som pa akrarna 

 lag ofverst, the soil which lay on the surface of the 

 ploughed fields was not here of so black a colour as I saw 

 in Russia, about Moscow, and between Moscow and 

 Tulou, where it often looks as black as gunpowder ; but 

 it strikes here for the most part somewhat of a reddish- 

 yellow or ochre-colour, which without doubt proceeds 

 from the gravel and clay immediately under it, which 

 have the same colour. The soil under [T. I. p. 205] the 

 grass sward on the hill sides, and such like places was 

 also commonly of the same colour. 



Vapling ; Trifolium purpureum...pratensi simile 

 — Raj. Syn. 328 [T. pratense L.J which is called 



