204 KALM'S ENGLAND. 



Clover by Englishmen, was sown here on a great many 

 of the arable fields and inclosures or small tappor, and 

 that always, where I saw it, on ' broad-cast land,' or on 

 nearly flat-ploughed land, and not on that which lay in 

 high ridges. After this is sown, it seldom lasts more 

 . than two years before it dies and must be sown again de 

 novo. Some have it for three years, but never more. 

 Here it is usual to sow it with some kind of crop. The 

 second summer after it is sown it is cropped once and 

 often twice. After that, the land is ploughed up and 

 sown with wheat, till, after a few years, it is laid down 

 as meadow again. 



Akrarna. The arable fields in this district, which 

 stood sown with wheat, were for the most part laid out 

 in Stitches or Four-thorough-land* : that is, that the whole 

 field was laid out in small ridges, ryggar, each of the 

 ridges only of four furrows, fyra faror, with water 

 furrows between all the ridges, med tata wattu-faror 

 emellan ryggarna. The breadth of the ridge between 

 the water furrows was a Swedish ell, or 2 English feet. 

 The ridges, or Stitches, were so made that they lay highest 

 in the middle, and sloped after that on both sides 

 towards the water furrows. The Water furrows were 

 drawn from the highest lying part of the field, to that 

 part of it which lay deepest down towards the dales, 

 all in lined rectd. The depth of the water- furrows was 

 6 inches, sometimes more, sometimes less, the breadth 

 1 foot, just about. At both ends of the water- furrows, 

 both upper and lower, were drawn four such stitches, or 

 ridges [T. I. p. 206], with water-furrows between, all of 

 the same breadth as the others across the field, or so 

 that the stitches and water-furrows, which went from the 



* Four-furrow-land. " Furrows are here called ' thoroughs.' " (Colloq) 

 1886. [J. L.] 



