LITTLE GADDESDEN. 205 



highest to the lowest part of the field, made with these 

 [' headlands ' or ' butts '] angulos rectos, or abutted per- 

 pendicularly against them. 



These cross-ridges may have come to be made for 

 this reason, that when ploughed up and down according 

 to the field, there is always left at both ends a bit 

 unploughed ; that is to say, the [' headland,' or] piece on 

 which the horses, dragarne, are turned round, which 

 must afterwards be ploughed up crosswise just as it 

 lies, pa detta sattes. 



Humla. Hops we saw planted in no place by the 

 farms and villages here in Hertfordshire where we 

 travelled. I asked the farmers whether they had no hops 

 here ? They answered that they do not plant any hops 

 in this district, but they buy all that they have need of 

 for their requirements from Kent and the districts in 

 England where they specially lay themselves out for hop- 

 planting. In England the wholesome custom is much in 

 use, that nearly every district lays itself out for something 

 particular in Rural Economy, to cultivate, viz., that which 

 will thrive and develop there best, and leaves the rest to 

 other places. They believe they win more by this means 

 than if they cultivated all departments of Rural Economy ; 

 for, besides that he who has many irons in the fire must 

 necessarily burn some, they also think it is not worth while 

 to force nature. Thus their principal occupation in 

 Hertfordshire is Agriculture; Hop-growing and Cherry-tree 

 cultivation in Kent, sheep-farming in another place, 

 cattle-breeding in another, &c. 



They thus sell their own ware, and buy what they 

 themselves have not, or they also exchange ware for ware. 



Tjenste-folk, Farm servants. A farmer in this 

 district does not himself keep many servants. When he 

 has a drang, manservant, and a piga, girl, he has 

 enough. There are also many farmers who have no 



