LITTLE GADDESDEN. 200. 



Belagenheten af Byarna. 



The arrangement of the villages, or a Parish, was com- 

 monly thus. The houses, Gardarna, were built all in 

 one row, sometimes quite close together, sometimes 

 farther apart. On one side, about and alongside of the 

 village always lay the common pastures and heath or out- 

 lands, betes OCb. Utmarker, and on the other their 

 gardens, ploughed fields, meadows and inclosed pastures, 

 beteshagar. On the side where the out-land was, 

 there always went a road, gata, or way close to and along 

 the village [the Back Lane]. 



Sometimes there were seen cherry-trees, walnut-trees, 

 beeches and such like trees planted outside the gates, yet 

 not thickly. 



On the other side of the village where the arable 

 fields, &c, lay, there was nearest to the house their 

 kitchen-garden or flower-garden. After that came the 

 ploughed fields, commonly, but not always, for they 

 alternated with meadows and pastures. All these were 

 fenced and inclosed with hedges, which consisted mostly 

 of hawthorn, but mixed with that were sloe-bushes, 

 Starkebars-buskar, blackberry-bushes, Bjornbars- 

 buskar, Dog-rose, Tome, ivy, holly, Agrifolium, [Ilex 

 Aquifolium], ash, Ask, lime, Lind, willows, Salices, 

 oaks, Ekar, bird-cherry trees, Fogel-kirsbars-tran, 

 [not Prunus Padus the bird-cherry, but Prunus Avium, 

 the Gean\ and often a number of large beeches, Bdkar, 

 etc. In some places the [T. I. p. 211] farms lay on 

 the hills, in other places in the dales, so that on that 

 point there was no certainty. Some villages, however 

 did not lie in this fashion, in particular those which were 

 in Vale Land* but the houses were there built, for the 



* Vale Land, low-lying plains on the Gault clay outside the chalk 

 range, as the Vale of Aylesbury, and that which lies spread to the view from 

 Dunstable Downs and Ivinghoe Beacon. [J. L.] 



P 



