214 KALM S ENGLAND. 



Lucerne is not sown at all in this district because they 

 think that it is not worth while. 



Skogs-lundar. Woods appeared here and there. 

 They consisted of all kinds of trees growing wild here in 

 England ; for of Scotch Fir, barr-tra, I have not seen 

 any where I travelled in Essex and Hertfordshire, except 

 those which had been expressly planted out near houses, 

 and in some places on the fields, pa falten. Beeches 

 were, however, the principal trees in the woods, and in 

 this district grew in considerable quantities. Fogel 

 Kirsbar (Primus avium), the Gean, lime, Lind, Ash, 

 hazel, oaks, willows, poplars, hawthorn, dog-rose, 

 Torne, sloe, ivy, blackberry bushes, maple, Lonn, and 

 many others, often vied with each other in numbers. The 

 hornbeam, Afvenbok, was here [T. I. p. 216] very 

 rare. 



On all sides of these woods lay either arable fields, 

 meadows, pastures, orchards, commons or outlands, 

 utmarker, or villages. Holly and Laureola Semper- 

 virens [Daphne Laureola], also ivy, which clambered up 

 the trees, adorned these woods with their beautiful 

 green leaves. 



I saw one and another group of blackberry bushes 

 which retained its green leaf the whole winter, although 

 some of them had become brown and as if burnt, 

 bruna och lika som branda. Furze showed itself 

 among them, and might at a distance lead one to believe 

 that it was a Juniper, so like is it. Its natural soil is 

 high-lying, dry, and sterile sandy plains and hills. 



Mullvadar. Moles are found in great number in 

 Essex, as well as in Hertfordshire, and often cause the 

 farmers great damage. I saw in several places in Essex 

 one mole hill, Mullvadshogen, beside another, and 

 that in great abundance, and mostly on the arable fields. 

 Here in Hertfordshire also, a multitude of their upcast 



