2l6 KALM'S ENGLAND. 



pastures were divided in the same manner, mostly of 

 similar size and figure. The greatest part, if not all of 

 them, have formerly been ploughed fields, and become 

 per ordinem successionis ploughed fields again, because the 

 English custom, for the most part, is by turns, to lay 

 down ploughed fields to meadows, and meadows to 

 ploughed fields. 



The greater number of these were so overgrown with 

 mosses, Bryum, Hypnum, that our most moss-grown 

 meadows in Sweden could scarcely be worse. What the 

 reason of this may be I know not. Sheep pasture, ga i 

 bet, on a great part of these the whole year, day and 

 night, in dry and wet. May not their trampling, and 

 baiting, as the ground is often wet enough, cause the 

 grass to be damaged [T. I. p. 218] as well as destroyed 

 at the root, and worn away, fortynat ? or is the land 

 very favourable for mosses ? I believe so ; for a ground 

 does not lie here long after it has ceased to be worked 

 with the plough before it becomes overgrown with mosses. 

 May not the leaf-trees planted round about contribute 

 somewhat to this ? It seems very likely, for one com- 

 monly sees that the moss keeps to places near and 

 under leaf-trees, and rather in their shade, especially on 

 the north side of them, whence it extends farther and 

 farther out on the land. I saw, however, here and there 

 one and another inclosure, tappa, which was almost 

 entirely free from them, and in these the grass growth was 

 thick and very beautiful, and when I looked more closely, 

 dung or manure was spread out over the grass-sward on 

 these places. 



Arter. Pease were thrashed in some places even at 

 this season. In a large barn, sades-lada, which was 

 built of itself, far from other houses, in the fields, akrar, 

 we saw a large stack of pease-straw, arthalm, still un- 

 thrashed. It consisted of the kind of peas here called M«/>/e 



