LITTLE GADDESDEN. 23 1 



swine, sheep, &c. To make them large, clever husband- 

 men have the finesse, bruka kloke hushallare det 

 grepet, to employ " Hoeing " about the turnips when 

 they have come up after the sowing, and have attained 

 some size, [T. I. p. 232] that is, they cut away a part 

 of the sown turnips so as to leave 9 inches between those 

 that are left, for this purpose they employ a hoe, en 

 grafta eller hacka, whose blade is quite blunt and 

 nearly straight at the end and nearly 6 inches broad. 

 This space between the turnips, is so hacked up with 

 this instrument that the soil becomes quite loose. In this 

 loose earth the turnips increase so considerably, that 

 they grow to a larger size than a man's head. They are 

 afterwards used for different purposes, til atskilligt. 

 The sheep are either turned on to the turnip-land, yet 

 on to a small part, a little at a time, i Sander, by 

 means of a fold, where they not only have an abundant 

 fodder from the turnips, but also manure the same field 

 considerably by their dung ; or the turnips are taken up 

 as fodder for the sheep or other animals at home in the 

 shed, i huset, or sold to such as have sheep or other animals 

 to fatten, and so forth, so that they turn them to account 

 in many ways. An old farmer told me that from a single 

 " acre land," when the turnips grew somewhat quickly, 

 he could commonly gain £"14, £16 to £18 sterling profit, 

 inkomst, only, however, if he had taken in this "acre 

 land " at a certain time of year. Obs. The " hoeing 

 instruments " which they used here in all places, exactly 

 resembled the hackar, which they use in Sweden, e.g. 

 at Ultima, for hoeing tobacco, which may perhaps have 

 originally taken their pattern from here in England. 



Mr. Ellis's Four-wheel drill plough. 



In the afternoon I was at Mr. Ellis's, who then 

 showed me the use of his newly invented four-wheel drill 



