236 KALM'S ENGLAND. 



side or in the middle of the roof. Therefore it is not 

 wonderful, if in the winter time it is as cold in as 

 it is out. In this country in the farm cottages, bond- 

 Stugorna, the fire-hearth, elds-harden, is commonly 

 so low that it is a planum with the floor itself. The 

 chimney places, spisama, in these are also so large, 

 that three or four stools can be accommodated within 

 the chimney-place, spisen, on which they sit to warm 

 themselves. As soon as the wind begins to be somewhat 

 fresh, as it commonly is from and in [T. I. p. 237] a 

 great part of October, till and in a great part of April, 

 wood is for the most part burnt on the hearth from 

 morning till evening. Round it the folk sit and warm 

 themselves and when the cold is somewhat more severe, 

 the women are seen sitting near the fire, without doing 

 the least thing, more than prate, utan at gora det 

 ringaste mer, an prata. Therefore, also it is not 

 wonderful that an English farmer, &c, burns in the 

 course of the year, as much if not more wood than a 

 Swedish Bonde. The same can also be said about 

 an English townsman, Borgare, priest, Gentleman, &c. 



The 4th April, 1748. 



In the morning we walked about over very many 

 arable fields to make our notes on their mode of Agricul- 

 ture, &c. 



Jordmon harstades. The soil hereabouts. 



I have said above that the whole of this district 

 consists of bare hills. These hills are nothing else than 

 solid chalk, for commonly when they dig 6 feet down 

 into the earth, and often less, the chalk itself occurs, 

 tager sjelfra kritbarget emot. The earth, den 

 jord, which lies at the surface, is here everywhere of a 

 brown colour, which inclines a little to yellow. 



