244 KALM S ENGLAND. 



years. Its diameter was i foot 5 inches. The sap-rings 

 were very thick. The oak, according to the account of 

 an old man, en gubbe, who owned the field, had been cut 

 down for two years and carried away, so that we could 

 not for that reason get to see its length. The soil of this 

 tree was the same as has often been described above. 



Flinta jamn pa en sida. A flint even on one side. 

 We found here a large piece of flint, which on one 

 side was as even and flat as a board.* The breadth and 

 length of this flat side was just a little more than, vid- 

 pass litet mera an, 6 inches. . [a^ lines omitted.] 

 . . The surface of this flat side was blended with a half- 

 petrified chalk. That it may not be relegated to oblivion, 

 I will now remind you that in this district round about 

 Little Gaddesden there is not found any other kind of stone 

 than ordinary flint and "Puddingstone," or conglomerated 

 masses thereof, sammangyttringar deraf.f 



Arbets-karlars skor. Labouring men's shoes.'l 



The shoes which the labouring men [T. I. p. 245] 



commonly used were strongly armed with iron. Under 



the heel was set an iron which followed the shape of the 



heel, and somewhat resembled a horseshoe. § Round 



* These beds of tabular flint occur in the lower part of the upper 

 chalk. [J. L.] 



f A man sinking a well in gravel near Bedale, Yorkshire, told me he 

 came upon a " samman " at the depth of 25 feet, and on his showing it to 

 me, it proved to be a mass of conglomerated gravel. Near London these are 

 often called " Rock." [J. L.] 



J Grose gives a proverb, " Hertfordshire clubs and clouted shoon," 

 which latter, as Fuller observes, being worn by the tenants, enables their 

 landlords to wear Spanish-leather boots and pumps. Grose. Local Proverbs, 

 1790, 8vo. [J. L.] 



§ Clouted Shoqn. " Cluta. Clouted-shoes, or horse-shoes, also strakes 

 of iron with which cart-wheels are shod." Bailey, Eng. Die, 1736, 15th Ed., 

 1753, 8vo. "Clout, v. to piece or mend with cloth ox iron." F.Grose 

 Prov Glos., 2nd Ed., 1790, 8vo. [J. L.] 



