LITTLE GADDESDEN. 25 1 



lands or what they here call four-thorough-stitches* i.e., 

 ridges, ryggar or " rigs " consisting of four furrows, so 

 this double plough effects the saving of labour, that 

 while others must plough twice forwards and twice 

 backwards, to make such four-thorough-stitches or riggs, 

 consisting of four furrows, it is not necessary with this 

 plough to plough more than once forwards and once 

 backwards, when the field similarly becomes so arranged. 

 Mr. Williams showed me quite large ploughed plots 

 &ker-stycken, which he had laid out with this plough 

 in two-bout-lands. When this plough is used, three pair 

 of horses must always be set before it, whereas before 

 other ploughs no more than two pairs or less, are required. 

 [T. I. p. 251.] The field ought also to be very loose 

 and dry, where this plough is to be used ; for if the field 

 is not loose and dry, Mr. Williams said he never uses it, 

 because it then becomes so heavy that no horses can 

 draw it, arka draga den. The plough-beam and wood- 

 work should also be very strong, if it is otherwise to stand 

 the work, om den annars skal halla. In a word, in 

 loose soil and sandy earth, uti 16s-mylla OCh sandjord, 

 this is of great service, but not so in clay, lera, and 

 hard fields. 



Halm af Korn, Hvete, Arter, Bonor, etc., til godsel, 



Straw of barley, wheat, pease, beans, &c, as manure. 



Here and there in his farm yard, fa-gard, there stood 

 racks, hackar, under the open sky to lay fodder, foder, 

 in for the cattle. The racks were made of two long 

 hurdles, grindar, such as are used in Sweden in the 

 stalls for horses, to lay their hay in. Two such long 

 hurdles were fastened together at their lower ends, and 



* " One bout" is once up the field and back. " Four thorough stitches," 

 =" four-furrow stitches." [J. L.] 



