LITTLE GADDESDEN. 253 



of crops, but in many places Brackens, Ormbunkar, 

 mingled with them, to increase the manure. In or 

 outside the farmyards I saw everywhere large haulm 

 heaps, halm hogar, piled up, which are left to lie and 

 ferment. This manure so prepared is afterwards carried 

 at a convenient opportunity out on to the ploughed fields 

 in carts, karror, where it is laid in small heaps close 

 beside each other, spread out and ploughed down. It is 

 especially carted out at a time when wet weather hinders 

 them from using the horses for ploughing. When this 

 farmyard manure, halmen, is thrown out, makas, 

 or shovelled, skattas, in heaps, there is nearly always 

 some mould, mull, cast over the haulm-manure, halmen, 

 or it is covered with it, that the sun may not get to dry 

 it too much, and draw the " nature," kraften, out of 

 it. These dunghills always lie under the open sky, 

 although a shelter, skjul, might be better. 



Atskilligt slags foder at hastar. 



Different kinds of fodder for horses. 



Mr. Williams took us out to his stable, to see in what 

 way [T. I. p. 253] he uses to feed and fodder, fdda 

 OCh fodra, his horses. Here he had with a steel- 

 mill, stalqvarn, caused to be chopped up, latit 

 SOnderkrossa, the kinds of peas which were called 

 Maple Pea and .Grey Pea*, into large pieces, mixed with 

 it ' malt-dust ' or malt-fan, together with white and 

 black oats, which he gave several times a day to his 

 farm horses, which throve upon it incomparably well. This 

 fodder was given them morning noon and night, and 



* These are still so-called, 1886. I find also in Ray's " Synops s, '318 : — 



(2) Pisum arvense flore roseo fructu ex cinereo nigricante, &c. Gray 

 pease. . • • 



(3) Pisum arvense flore roseo fructu variegato. . . . Maple pease. 



[J.L.] 



