LITTLE GADDESDEN. 



255 



off from the malt. This Freestone, together with the pit 

 or mine, grufvan, from which it is taken shall be 

 described farther on. [Totternhoe Stone. J 



Stal-qvarnars bruk, at mala Malt och Arter. 



The use of steel mills to grind Malt and Pease. 



Here were shown to us two steel mills, one of which 

 Mr. Williams used to grind malt in, and the other to 

 crush to pieces the pease which he mixed with oats as food 

 for the horses. They both had a large fly-wheel, svang- 

 hjul, which made the labour lighter for those who had 

 to work them. 



The 5th April. 



In the morning we took one of the smaller farmers or 

 Landtman, who was known for Agriculture and Rural 

 Economy, with us, and started on the way to Ivinghoe, 

 which lay in Buckinghamshire, four miles N.W. from 

 Little Gaddesden, which lay in Hertfordshire, on the 

 borders of Buckinghamshire. The object of this walk 

 was to see the district' around Ivinghoe because Mr. Ellis 

 told us that the appearance of the country and the soil, 

 jordmon, was entirely different from what there was at 

 Little Gaddesden ; for at Little Gaddesden is " Chilturn 

 Land," but around Ivinghoe " Vale Land." That land 

 which consists of high hills and the chalk formation is 

 called ' Chilturn Land.' ' Vale Land ' consists of large 

 plains and flats, stora fait och slattar, and lies mostly 

 in valleys. 



[T. I. p. 255. J Agrifolium, Holly, of a considerable 

 size. In a hedge, a little away from a farm, we saw a 

 tree of Agrifolium, Raj. Syn. 466, [Ilex Aquifolium] which 

 was one of the largest I had hitherto seen in England. We 

 estimated that the height of this Agrifolium was 36 feet, 

 and it would certainly have been higher if it had not been 

 cut off at the top. We measured the periphery a feet 



