256 KALM'S ENGLAND. 



above the ground, where it was 4 feet 6 inches. The 

 stem was, for a length of 16 feet from the roots, quite 

 straight and smooth, only that here and there on the 

 bark grew small protuberances, knylor, in size and 

 figure like hazelnuts. These were hard and woody, but 

 seemed not to have any communication with the tree 

 itself inside the bark. We had previously found on 

 beeches just similar protuberances and of the same de- 

 scription. The carl who accompanied us knew no other 

 use of this tree than that it is used for fuel. 



Sades-stack pa stalpar. Ricks upon posts. 



In one place and another we saw ricks built in the 

 same way as has been described before (p. 229 orig.), viz., 

 standing on posts, stalpar. The posts were at the 

 middle surrounded by polished brass, to hinder the ascent 

 of mice into the rick, which here consisted of wheat, and 

 was called by our guide a ' wheat frame.' 



Skatt-karra. A boy came along pushing a very 

 large wheel-barrow, loaded with furze for fuel, which he 

 had cut on the large dry common, fait, which lay 

 close by. The body of the barrow, karran, was built 

 like a sled, skrinda, only that at the back or towards 

 the handles, skalmare, there was no frame, grind, but 

 it there stood open. In short, there were high frames, 

 grindar, where in ordinary wheel-barrows there are 

 boards in front and at the sides. 



[T. I. p. 256.] Stort fait. A large Common. [Ivinghoe 

 Common.] 



We had the whole way, almost as far as Ivinghoe, on 

 the right hand inclosures, or tappor, of arable fields, 

 meadows and pastures, fenced in by living hedges, and 

 sometimes a farm ; * but on the left hand was a very large 



* The farm of Ward's Hurst. [J. L.] 



