LITTLE GADDESDEN. 257 



down and common, * mycket stort fait och utmark, 



which to the view seemed somewhat to resemble our 

 arid, sterile Ljung-hedar, Lingheaths, in Sweden, only 

 that no ling was found on this one, and that the land did 

 not here lie flat, but rose by degrees, and by degrees fell 

 off again, or sloped downwards. It was nearly all over- 

 grown with Genista Spinosa, furze, which here was not 

 much over 4 inches high, because it is altogether cut 

 down by poor folk close to the ground, and is carried home 

 for fuel. The whole plain, with much more, belonged to 

 the Duke of Bridgewater. [This is the same elevated 

 plateau described at T. I. pp. 197-8, and p. 197, above. J 



Jordmon i dalderna, en flint-sand och des nytta. 



The soil in the dales a flint-sand, and its use. 



It was curious, that for the most part down in all the 

 dales between the hills, the soil consisted mostly of pure 

 flint gravel, or a coarse sand, bara flint-grus, eller en 

 grof sand, which was not such as our most common 

 sand in Sweden, viz., of quartz, but it consisted of bare 

 flint, such as is found everywhere about here, which 

 had been reduced to a coarser or finer sand. From some 

 little mixture of chalk soil, krit-jord, amongst it, the 

 colour of this deposit was a rust-colour. We sought 

 diligently a long time to see whether we could not find 

 any grains of quartz, sand-korn af Q., but in vain. 

 Nor was there found here any other kind of stone, large 

 or small, but flint. Those who live in this district, mix 

 this sand with clay [T. I. p. 257] of which they make 

 and burn bricks, and when they build a house it is mixed 

 with lime. 



Kalk af Krita. Lime from Chalk. 

 I enquired of the carl who accompanied us what kind of 



* Ivinghoe Common. [J. L.] 



