276 KALM'S ENGLAND. 



[T. I. p. 273.] 

 Akrarnas belagen.net, etc., vid Carrington. 



Situation of the ploughed fields, etc., near Carrington. 



At Carrington* which lay a couple of miles north of 

 Ivinghoe, the arable fields consisted of an earth which 

 was almost as black as gunpowder, very fine and loose, 

 and looked nearly like the black earth, den SVarta 

 jorden, which we dig out of our karr, bogs, in Sweden. 

 There seldom appeared any flint-stone in it. The whole 

 field was laid out in broad ridge-lands or ryggar, in the 

 same way as in Nerike. A part of them was now sown 

 with wheat, which now stood green and very beautiful. 

 Along the middle of the highest ridge there went a little 

 water-furrow,f 6 inches deep, or sometimes a little more. 

 The breadth of each and every ridge-land, or rygg, was 

 nearly always 20 feet. The wheat had always been sown 

 in the ordinary manner, and ploughed down. 



Halm til bransle. Straw as fuel. 



We saw on a ploughed field large heaps of wheat- 

 straw, hvete-halm, and also in one place and another 

 by the farms this straw arranged in heaps, partly under 

 shelter, skill, partly not. They told us that they would 

 use the aforenamed straw in this woodless district as fuel 

 for boiling water, washing dishes, &c. 



Korn saddes. Barley was being sown. 



Everywhere we wandered about to-day they were 

 engaged in sowing barley, both on fiat-ploughed plots 

 and on broad ridges. When the barley is sown they 



* I have failed to identify this place, unless it be Cheddington. [J. L.] 

 f "Water-furrow." I am told these are not water-furrows, but simply 

 the result of the last ploughing having been started at the bottom on each 

 side of the ridge and turning downwards, so that the last bout on each side 

 leaves a furrow at the top. [J. L.] 



