LITTLE GADDESDEN. 299 



In several places appeared unsightly large pits, 

 gropar, which now on the bottom were overgrown 

 with grass, where they in former times had hewn up this 

 stone. The workmen told us that in one and each of 

 the same pits there is a hole or adit in under ground, 

 but that the entrances to them were now fallen in. The 

 deepest hole which was 40 poles into the hill where they 

 were now working, and in which I was, was said to be 

 over 500 years old. The whole mine was said to have 

 been worked for 1,000 years. There was a house or two 

 [T. I. p. 296] here built of this stone thatched with straw, 

 in which the workmen took their meals, kept their tools, 

 and worked in bad weather. 



Akrarna. The ploughed fields which lay on the 

 chalk hills over or upon the mine were sown either with 

 wheat or black oats, which were both said to grow on 

 this soil very luxuriantly. But other kinds of crops do 

 not flourish there so well, because the earth is too dry. 



[Here omit 16 lines. The art. ' Krita fdrvandlad 

 til flinta,' in which Kalm records a superstition that 

 chalk lying on fields exposed for some time to the sun and 

 open air is changed to flint.] 



Rinnande vatten genom Kallare bailer drickat 



svalt. 



Running water through cellars keeps the beer fresh. 



In Eaton [Bray] where we dined, the landlord showed 

 us his cellar in which he had his ale, 61, and beer, 

 dricka, which was situated close to a little running beck, 

 and so arranged that the water came to run in the cellar 

 right under the middle of the beer-barrels. On either side 

 of the cellar was a row of beer-barrels, and the water ran 

 [T. I. p. 297] under each row, for which purpose it was also 

 at the entrance to the cellar divided into two branches. 

 He assured us that the beer never turns sour in this cellar 



