3°4 KALM'S ENGLAND. 



[T. I. p. 301. J L6f til bransle. Leaves as fuel. 



Mr. Ellis told us that poor folk use to collect the leaves 

 which fall down from the trees, dry the same, and use 

 it for fuel. 



Huru kalk brannes af Krita. 



How lime is burnt from chalk. 



When I to-day questioned Mr. Ellis about the process 

 how lime is burned from chalk, he bade me accompany 

 him to a place where they burn it, which I did, and found 

 it done as follows : — 



Here was an ordinary walled kiln, Ugn, in which bricks 

 are burned. In it lime and bricks are burned together and 

 at the same time. The chalk is first dug up in large or 

 smaller pieces out of the chalk hills and is carried to the 

 brick-kiln. Then, when one wishes to burn bricks, the 

 kilns are walled over nearest to the fire with bare chalk, 

 and that in the quantity which one wishes to have of 

 lime, or has of chalk, but not more than that the bricks 

 also may be burned through. 



The largest pieces of chalk are laid nearest the fire 

 and the smaller ones on the top, ofvanpa. Above, 

 Ofvanfor, the chalk are laid the bricks, tegelstenar, 

 which are burned in the usual way. After that a fire is 

 made in the kiln pipes, ugns-piporna, of which there 

 were two. First of all large wood is laid in, with which 

 the kiln is made hot. Afterwards only small bundles of 

 twigs, ris-qvistar, are used. Genista spinosa, furze, with 

 grass and moss, or also Brackens. With these the burning 

 is continued for three or four days and nights, dygnen, 

 when both the bricks and the chalk are full-burnt. 

 After the bricks and chalk have somewhat cooled, they 

 are covered over on the top with moss and furze blended 

 together, such as they had cut and bound together on 



