306 KALM'S ENGLAND. 



Husiiallningen in Cumberland. 

 From a man from Cumberland I learned the following. 

 There are no chalk hills, but only high granite mountains, 

 graberg. The sheep are much smaller than those in 

 other parts of England, and the wool considerably 

 inferior, but the flesh good. The horses not of so large 

 a kind as here. [T. I. p. 303. J The sheep go out and 

 bait the whole winter. A great number of cows are 

 kept there. The cheese, OSten, which is there made 

 is not so good as in other parts of England ; but the 

 butter, smoret, is beautiful, and is bought there for 

 many places. The swine there are beautiful and fat, 

 and every year a multitude of them are driven from 

 thence to London. Very little wheat is sown there, 

 but rye largely, and still more barley and oats, of which 

 two last most of their bread consists. Earth-walls, 

 jord-vallar, are used mostly as fences, til stangsel, 

 around their arable fields. In ploughing, aker-korsel, 

 they mostly use horses. In the river which divides 

 Cumberland from Skottland are found the best salmon 

 which occur in England. The farmers are mostly them- 

 selves the owners of their farms, or the home, liemma, 

 they live at. It is rare to find any beeches there, but 

 oakwoods enough. No goats are kept there. The 

 houses are in some places built of clay and straw mixed 

 together, but in some places in Skottland the walls of 

 the houses are made only of grass turfs, grastorf, and 

 thatched with straw or ling. The fire-places and fuel 

 are used in the same way as in England, viz : without, 

 spjall, coal is what they mostly burn. Carts are mostly 

 used to drive in. The district is very cold in winter- 

 time. Most of their manure for the fields is cattle dung. 



The gth April. 

 In the afternoon we walked about several arable-fields 



