LITTLE GADDESDEN. 319 



whichever side of the hedge it stands most; but the 

 upper ends of these trees thus half cut through near the 

 roots, which admit of being bent, he bends right and left 

 serpentiformiter about the staves, that is, if in this hedge 

 which stands north and south he makes the narrow end of 

 this tree to go on the east side of the one staff he causes 

 it afterwards to go on the west side of the next staff, still 

 he mostly arranges it so that the ends of these are turned 

 to the twiggy side. I will at once describe what I un- 

 derstand by the twiggy side, den qvistiga sidan. 

 Now, as these turned-down and half cut through trees, 

 are here to perform the same service as gardsel or 

 gardsel-trador with us, they are commonly laid at the 

 inclination, or in the same sloping manner as some of the 

 gardesgards-trador, ' fence-trees ' with us, viz., not 

 horizontally but obliquely and sloping, yet so that the in- 

 clination is nearer a horizontal than a perpendicular 

 line. 



In this way the carl continues from the south end 

 northwards, so that he successively bends the trees which 

 follow in the hedge over those which have previously been 

 bent down, and that nearly in the same way as we in 

 Sweden make a sloping gardes-gard, only that he here 

 leaves the larger ends, as said before, to stand on one 

 side close to the staves, and bends the little end now to 

 one side of the one staff, and then to the other side of the 

 next staff, and so arranges that all the outer ends of these 

 [T. I- p. 316] trees are left on one and the same side 

 of the dead fence or gardes-gard, viz., in the fore- 

 going example, if he has turned the end of the first 

 down-bent tree to the east side of the fence, hacken, 

 so he ought also as far as possible to turn all the other 

 outermost ends of the down-bent trees towards that side 

 also. The height of the hedge is equal to that of the 

 staves, viz., 4 feet. When the tree is cut near the roots 



