LITTLE GADDESDEN. 32 1 



en stor, and the large end of another spray on the other 

 side of the same staff. Next, the sprays are bent across 

 each other, so that the spray, whose large end was now 

 for example, on the west side of a staff comes in the 

 next place to lie on the east side of the next staff. So it is 

 commonly done with the. sprays at their large ends, where 

 they are thick and stiff, but afterwards they are wreathed 

 spirally, so that they had commonly got in one, if not 

 two spirals between every staff. When these sprays are 

 complete two new ones are taken, and it is continued in 

 the same way along the top of the whole length of the 

 gardes-gard. But hereupon be it noted, that if the 

 trees a little more than half cut through near the roots 

 and afterwards bent down, turn the root ends or the 

 thicker ends, for example, towards the north, and the 

 point or the smaller end towards the south, as they lie 

 in the hedge, these spirally-wreathed sprays ought to 

 turn the large ends, on the contrary, to the south and 

 the little ends to the north, also the work of wreathing 

 them is begun at the north end, because it is believed that 

 the dead hedge is by this means steadier and bound 

 faster, than if they are turned with the ends in the same 

 direction as the large trees, which lie obliquely and sloping. 



In respect of this also [T. I. p. 318] care is taken 

 that these spirally-wreathed sprays, all come to lie 

 horizontally. 



In most cases the sprays were only wreathed once 

 spiraliter between each staff so that one and the same spray 

 by this arrangement always came to lie on the same side 

 of the staves. It was also commonly arranged that the 

 small end of these came eventually to be turned to the 

 twiggy side, and if it at any time came to be turned 

 out to the other side, it was always cut off. I have in 

 this description often mentioned the twiggy side, den 

 qvistiga sidan. Now, I will say what it is After the 



