322 KALM S ENGLAND. 



dead hedge has thus been erected as has been described, all 

 the twigs on one side, by preference on that which looks 

 inward, are cut off, so that it is quite smooth and even, 

 but on the outer sides of this dead hedge to which the 

 carls had turned all the points of the so bent down and 

 inset trees, the twigs are cut off in this way, that the 

 twigs near the ground are allowed to go out 2 feet or 

 2 feet 6 inches from the hedge, but are afterwards cut 

 off shorter and shorter the higher they are up, so that 

 the highest are scarcely 4 inches long. 



If one stands on the flat side, and looks over the 

 hedge, and along it on the twiggy side, then it looks like 

 a sloping earth wall. The reason why the twigs on the 

 one side are left so long is that the young shoots and 

 scions which come to run up just between these twigs 

 may in their tender age be shielded from the approach 

 of the cattle by these dry twigs, which are mostly 

 hawthorn. 



In several places it was the practice that when they 

 cut down an old hedge near the roots and erected a 

 [T. I. p. 319] dead, in the manner just described, in 

 the same place, they dug close alongside of the hedge 

 on one side a little ditch of 1 foot deep, and the same 

 breadth, which was done for two reasons. 



1. The mould which was taken out of the ditch was 

 cast up on, and over the roots of the hedge, which is 

 accounted a choice manure to force the cut-down hedge, 

 both to shoot faster, and to form a larger number of shoots. 



2. The ditch on one side hindered the cattle from 

 coming to the young shoots and injuring them. On 

 the other side they were protected by the thorny twigs 

 left remaining, but in many places, in short, in most 

 places, this was neglected, nevertheless, it seemed to be 

 a very wise provision. 



All the trees and twigs cut down in the hedge were 



