336 KALM'S ENGLAND. 



from getting to them by those standing round. In that 

 position they could only hasten to run up in height. 

 Perhaps, also, it might somewhat have contributed to 

 this, that the ground had always been overgrown with 

 grass, which had not given the tree-roots so much 

 nourishment as where they ran under the cultivated 

 fields. 



[T. I. p. 333. J Hum frukt-tran planteras vid 

 murar och deras nytta. 



How fruit trees are planted against walls and their use. 



Everywhere I have travelled here in England in the 

 country as well as in and near London and other towns, 

 I saw a particularly profitable custom with the planting 

 of certain fruit trees, which consisted in this : — Around 

 most of the gardens here in England there were built 

 brick-walls of various heights. When anyone had a fruit 

 tree which he wished to be able to bear either early or 

 ripe fruit, the same was planted, if the wall ran from west 

 to east, on the south side of, and close against the wall. 

 Afterwards its branches, qyistar, were carefully spread 

 out along the wall, on both sides of the tree, after which 

 a little bit of cloth was taken and bent round the twig, 

 qvisten. This bit of cloth was afterwards nailed fast 

 to the wall, by which means the twig or branch of the 

 tree came to be stretched out along the wall. According 

 as the twig grew longer it was nailed fast to the wall with 

 more laps in the aforenamed manner. They began in 

 this way when the tree was little, and afterwards went 

 on so continuously, according as the tree grew. No twig 

 or branch got to grow on the outer side away from the 

 wall, but the tree was obliged only to extend itself on 

 both sides. By reason of the tree thus coming to stand 

 right in the heat of the sun, it could not be otherwise 

 than that its fruit should be very early ripe and very 



