35° KALM'S ENGLAND. 



been little used in this country in ancient times, for 

 in the whole of this church, from the very bottom at the 

 ground to the top of the tower, not one single brick, 

 tegel-sten, was seen. The roof of the church was of 

 lead.* The wall around the churchyard was built of 

 flints for at least 6 feet, and only on the top covered with 

 brick, which was laid so that it resembled a span-roof, 

 rost, or roof of a house or church, in order that the 

 water might run off quickly. A little S.E. of this church 

 was an old church,f et gammalt kloster, of which the 

 walls only were now standing. It was also similarly 

 built mostly of bare flint, only that the frames and arches 

 of the doors and windows were of Portland stone. Great 

 trees now grew in the midst of this church. 



§K> @tm.e cijatt&eB all tJjin0«! 

 Sa andrar tiden alt ! 



In the same way a church at Northfleet | (Northfleth) 

 an English mile west of Gravesend in Kent, Chadwell 

 church in Essex, and several other churches, were built 

 from the ground up to the top of the tower of bare flint, 

 except that the corners of the churches and towers 

 together with the frames of the windows and doors were 

 of Portland stone, and if there was any brick in these 

 churches it could be very clearly seen that it had been 

 inserted in later times to repair some dilapidation. 



When they built a haystack in any of the chalk-pits, 

 and the stacks here mostly consisted of Sain Foin,\ 

 they first laid at the bottom on the ground, one or two 

 beds of thick flints, afterwards dry sticks thereupon 



* The old lead roof and the battlements were taken off in 1790, and the 

 hideous new roof with dropping eaves erected. Pocock, Hist., 1797, pp. 134 

 to 150. Cruden, Hist, of Gravesend, 1843. [J. L.] 



f St. Mary's, Denton, 13th century, fj. L.] 



% St. Botolph's Vicarage. [J. L.] 



§ Sainfoin. Kalm always always spells it St. Foin. [J. L.] 



