ESSEX OPPOSITE GRAVESEND. 363 



however, there was very little thereof. The principal 

 reason why, in Essex as well as in Kent, they sow a large 

 quantity of oats is that they fodder horses therewith. 



Gardar : Hus. Farms : Houses. 



While we were walking about in Essex to-day we got 

 to see a great many Farm houses, Farmers gardar, which 

 here had the same appearance as in the other places in 

 England where we had been, viz., that they resembled 

 gentlemen's houses more than farmers' houses, at de 

 liknade Herregardar mera an bondgardar. The 

 houses which the farmers themselves dwelt in were 

 mostly of brick, tegel, commonly two stories high, 

 roofed mostly with tiles, yet there were also a great 

 many that were content with thatch, which is here made 

 steep and thick. 



The Day-labourers, Dagsverks-karlar, who mostly 

 are the same as Torpare with us in Sweden, had, in 

 some places, houses whose walls consisted of cross beams 

 with oak boards nailed on the outside. 



Brick houses were on the outside washed with lime, 

 and white. Close to the farm-house was always the lodge 

 and the barn, Logen och Ladan, which were commonly 

 made in the same way as in Upland in Sweden [T. II. 

 p. 25], viz., all under one roof, the lodge in the middle, 

 and lathes on both sides, without any walls or divisions 

 between them. Both the lathes were without floor, golf; 

 but the lodge had a floor of boards to thrash upon, which 

 floor was mostly laid on the bare ground. The lodge had 

 large doors on both sides, that they could on one side 

 drive in with a whole load of corn and unload in the lodge, 

 and afterwards drive out on the other side. The whole 

 barn, both the lodge and the lathes, had walls of cross- 

 beams with oak boards nailed horizontally on the outside, 

 and a high and steep thatch-roof covered with straw I foot 



