3^4 KALM'S ENGLAND. 



to 18 inches thick. Beside the lodge, or also sometimes 

 in front of it, they had a little S keeling or shelter, skjul,* 

 which stood on posts, with straw-thatch over it, at times 

 with walls of flakes or wattles,f made of interwoven thin 

 boughs, in which skeeling they kept their ploughs and other 

 agricultural implements. Commonly also they had a 

 similar skeeling for their wagons and conveyances. Against 

 and up the cottage walls were often planted vines which 

 covered the whole wall. 



No hay-lathes, holador, were used either at the farm 

 or out in the meadows, but the hay was all stacked. 



Krita. Those who lived here told us, that here and 

 there on the banks of the Thames in Essex are Chalk 

 pits I where they get chalk, but that this chalk is not so 

 good as that which is dug in Kent. We saw that in some 

 places they carried out the chalk on to the fallow fields, 

 pa trades-akrarna, which mostly here lay on the hill, 

 and that they shot the chalk there in heaps, where it 

 was yet either unspread or also already outspread, and 

 partly even ploughed in. [T. II. p. 26. J I asked if they 

 used much here to manure the fields with, and how much 

 use it was ? They answered that they used it enough for 

 manuring the fields, that it is especially good on cold 

 ground, that when they have once manured a field with 

 it seven and more years may pass before they manure it 

 anew ; that they had found it many times better first to 

 burn the chalk to lime and then to carry the lime itself 



* ' Skeeling. The bay of a barn. The inner part of a house or barn 

 where the slope of the roof comes.' Cooper Suss. Gloss. 2 Ed., 1853, p. 75. 

 Shilling. ' A place called a S., which is what they lay turf up in.' 

 Chichester Smugglers, 7th Ed., 1749, p. 14. 'A Skilling or outhouse 

 adjoining to the house, wherein lumber and fuel was kept.' lb. p. 41. 



[J. L.] 



t Flakes. Tall wattles, in Sussex called Flakes, still manufactured 

 1886, in Clapham Woods. [J. L.] 



% Chalk-pits, e.g. Purfleet and Grays. [J. L.] 



