ESSEX OPPOSITE GRAVESEND. 369 



On some Chalk, Krita, lay spread out, in other places 

 was manure, carried out and shot in heaps still unspread. 

 On the slope of a hill the fallow fields were arranged in 

 stitches, ryggar, 2 feet wide and 1 foot high, so as to 

 make it easier to eradicate the weeds by means of plough- 

 ing, korning.* 



Ormbunkar. Brackens, Brakes. 

 Pteris, the Bracken, 843 [Pteris Aquilina], had the 

 same bad habit, oart, here, as in Sweden, that when 

 they have once begun to grow in a field they are after- 

 wards difficult to eradicate.f I saw to-day in several 

 places that it grew as well out in the fallow fields as 

 amongst the Rye, luxuriantly and in great abundance. 



Arter. Pease. 



We saw in different places large Pease-fields. The 

 peas seemed to be flourishing. They were not sown with 

 the drill or in rows, but with full hand, as is common with 

 us. No sticks [T. II. p. 31] or branches, or such like, 

 were found under them, but they lay on the bare ground. 

 The pods were already tolerably ripe. I opened some, 

 but found in everyone an astonishing number of small 

 maggots, maskar, and, as it seemed, not all of one sort. 

 I reckoned over 170 maggots in one pod. In the most 

 matured pods the most maggots were found, but in those 



*K6rning, Ploughing. Kora is to drive, e.g., the plough. Not to be 

 confounded with the English provincial word, ' Kerning,' from ' Kern,' a 

 grain, or corn. " Kerning ground is that which, drest well, will produce a 

 great quantity of corn, as gravel does, when others will run more into 

 straw, and less corn.'' Will. Ellis. Practical Farmer, 4th Ed. 1742, 8vo. 

 p. 169. Q.L.] 



f To eradicate Brackens. In Abkhaziya the bracken "grows in one- 

 " month to a greater height than a man on horseback. If they mow the fern 

 " for three years in succession in the spring, when the scythe can still take hold 

 " of it, then the plant perishes." From the Russian of Vladikin's " Kavkaziya, "' 

 Moscow, 1874. 8vo. [J. L,] 



