38o 



are made was after some time carried home by the 

 farmers, where it was laid in the farm yards, alternately 

 with the cattle-dung, in heaps, to lie there and ferment 

 together with the same, which thus made a choice 

 manure. 



The [S.n]A July, I748-* 



Gardesgardar. Fences. 



In some places only we saw fences, which were made 

 mostly of small sprays, spratar, which wattled fences 

 are, in some parts of the country, very much used. They 

 are made in this way [T. II. p. 15] that, instead of 

 placing, as we do, two staves side by side, there is only 

 one set by itself, which generally is not longer than the 

 height of the fence. Between two staves there is a 

 distance of about 2 feet. Instead of ' edder,' Gardsel, 

 small branches or twigs of trees are used, which are bent 

 alternately in curves about the staves in this way, that 

 when the one staff has been left on the left side of the 

 horizontally placed runners, spraten, the next staff comes 

 to be on the right side of the same, and so on. 



Serratula. Fohis dentatis Spinosis, 662, or Aker- 

 tisteln, [5. Arvensis, L., afterwards Cnicus arvensis L. 

 now Cissium (Tournefort) arvensis] grew in many places 

 in the greatest profusion in the loose mould on the walls. 

 In some places it was cut down, that it could not get the 

 chance of ripening and seeding, and so doing injury to 

 the neighbouring ploughed fields and kitchen-gardens. 



In other places they had the mischievous practice, 

 common in Sweden, of leaving the thistle untouched, by 

 which it was much more easily enabled to spread itself all 



* This is the first appearance in this work of the double or alternative 

 date contemplating the difference of eleven days between the Old and New 

 Style.-[J.L.] 



