GRAVESEND. 395 



fields, meadows and orchards, all planted round with 

 hawthorn hedges, in which stood all kinds of foliaged 

 trees, loftran, such as Elm, Aim, Elder, Flader, 

 Blackberry-bushes, Bjdrnbarsbuskar, Ash, Ask, Oak, 

 Ek [T. II. p. 39], Dogwood, Benved, or Cornel 

 (Cornus), Aspen, Asp, Ivy (Hedera Arborea, C. B.) 

 [H. Helix], Sloe, Slan, Privets (Liguster), the Spindle- 

 tree, Alster, Euonymus [Europseus], Maple (Acer 

 Campestre minus) C. B. 



Here and there lay some beautiful farm. The country 

 here, as in most places where we were in England, was 

 not even and flat, but a continuous chain and variety of 

 somewhat high and long-sloping hills, with valleys 

 between. These hills had all sorts of shapes, sometimes 

 round as rye-bread loaves, sometimes oblong, and of 

 various other shapes. The inclosures, or ploughed fields 

 and meadows, lay on the tops and the sides of the hills, 

 as well as down in the valleys, dalderna. In some 

 places these hills were steep enough. They all consisted 

 of bare chalk, which had only a coating of soil upon it, of 

 9 inches, i foot, 15 inches, or 18 inches, yet in most places 

 not more than about 1 foot thickness, which we could 

 plainly see the whole way where the high road crossed 

 these hills and they had been digging on the sides of the 

 road ; to say nothing of the fact that the same appeared 

 in all the chalk-pits, kritgropar, which were dug here 

 and there. On the whole of this walk we could not see 

 the least sign of any flowing and running stream or river, 

 excepting the river Medway (Midway) which passes by 

 Rochester. Such running water seems to be very rare 

 on the chalk hills and in their neighbourhood. 



The greater part of the inclosures, or tappor planted 

 round with hedges, which we saw to-day were ploughed 

 fields, sown partly with Wheat (Triticum hybernum aristis 

 carens, C.B.), Barley, Gumrik, White Oats [T. II. p. 40], 



