45 2 KALM'S ENGLAND. 



ships which come from London, and intend to proceed 

 through the Channel, or vice versa, lie here one day or 

 more and furnish themselves commonly with all kinds of 

 fresh provisions, besides [T. II. p. 104] brandy and other 

 wines, although they have to pay very heavily for them, 

 because the people know how to make a good bargain. 

 A great many also get their living by rowing, in that 

 they carry passengers from the ships to the land and 

 back, for which they always make them pay dearly. By 

 fishing they also make handsome profits, by selling the 

 fresh fish to the sea folk who come here to anchor. In 

 the late war most of them followed privateering, kaperi, 

 and thereby accumulated large sums. The haven, 

 hanmen, is not particularly good, for it is open to the 

 south and east, from which quarter the storms have 

 freedom to beat upon this place from the sea, but that 

 does not make any difference, because it is mostly in the 

 absence of this wind that the ships lie here in the roads. 

 Here the ships leave the pilots whom they had from 

 London to Gravesend. When the south-east gales are 

 blowing heavily they know it in Deal, because it lies open 

 to this wind. Here also the ships which are bound for 

 London take their pilots on board. 



The yth August 1748. 



In the morning I landed at Deal, where I was till 

 towards evening. 



Lumbricus Marinus. When the sea-water at ebb-tide 

 fell off Deal, the fishermen went down on to the lowest 

 places, which the sea had just left, and which were 

 covered over with a fine sand, where they dug up 

 the sea-worms, hafsmaskar, which have their residence 

 under the sand on the sea-shore, and are described 

 by Linnaeus in his Vest Gotha Resa. p. 189 [T. II. 

 p. 105], and also in his Fauna Svecia, 1270 [1746]. 



