86 A LABORATORY MANUAL OF BOTANY 
How do you think fertilization is effected in Mar- 
chantia? 
Asexual reproduction.—The oospore germinates where 
it is formed, producing a sporophyte which is compara- 
tively inconspicuous. By examining old archegonial heads 
the sporophytes may be found. Remove one, examine, and 
sketch, showing the short foot region and the swollen cap- 
sule region. 
Crush the capsule. Note the spores and the elaters 
among them. Remove the cover-slip and allow the material 
to dry as you observe it, and determine the function of the 
elaters. Draw. 
General questions——What is the gametophyte of the 
liverwort? Is this gametophyte as well adapted to nutri- 
tive work as that of the moss plant? Is its position more 
or ‘less favorable to nutritive work? Has the moss or the 
liverwort the better sporophyte? In what respects? Why 
are liverworts usually found in very shady places? 
LESSON L 
General exercise on mosses and liverworts 
If favorable regions and abundant material are conve- 
nient, this study would better be made in the field; other- 
wise numerous specimens may be studied in the laboratory. 
Make a general study and produce sketches of such 
mosses as the broad-leaved Mnium forms, and the Sphag- 
num—the peat-bog moss. 
Of liverworts, some leafy form as Poreila, and Anthoce- 
ros bearing sporophytes should be studied and sketched. 
