302 



AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 



PLxr 



Pluche, N. 



toire naturelle, qui ont paru les plus 

 propres k rendre les jeunes gens curieux, 

 et k leur former I'esprit. Paris, 1732- 

 51, 8 vols., 192 pis. Pre-Linn. 1732.1 



Fishes and fishing in vols. I & II. 



The 1st ed. of one of the most popular nat- 

 ural history books ever written. Either as a 

 whole or in parts, it passed tlirough a great 

 number of editions and translations. At least 

 42 are known, distributed as follows; French, 

 23; English, 7; German, 6; Italian, 4; Spanish 

 and Dutch, 1 each. Of the 23 French eds., 8 

 were issued, Paris, 1732-1764; the 15 others at 

 S cities scattered over France, 1733-1859. 



Pluche's work was still being printed in 

 France in the 19th century. Four eds. were is- 

 sued at Tours, 1851-1859, for church schools. 



Foreign versions are: 



Spectacle de la nature; or na- 

 ture display'd, being discourses of such 

 particulars of natural history as were 

 thought most proper to excite the curi- 

 osity, and form the minds of youth. 

 9 vols. London, 1736-48. 200 pis. 8°. 

 Pre-Linn. 1736.1 



2nd English edition. First, 1735; 7 others, 

 1739-1786, London. 



■ Schouwtoneel der natuur, of 



samenspraaken over de byzonderheden 

 der natuurlyke historie, etc. 10 deelen. 

 s' Gravenhaage & Amsterdam, 1737-48. 

 pis. 8° Pre-Linn. 1737.1 



The one Dutch version. 



Spettacolo della natura, esposto 



in vari diologhi. 14 vols. Venezia, 

 1745. 12°. Pre-Linn. 1745.1 



. 3rd Itahan ed.: others, Venice, 1737, 1740, 

 1752. 



■ Schauplatz der Natur, oder 



Unterredungen von der Beschaffenheit 

 und den Absichten der natilrlichen 

 Dinge. 8 parts. Nilrnberg, 1746-70. 

 pis. 8°. Pre-Linn. 1746.1 



1st German version (of 1732 ed.); 6 others, 

 1746-1792. 



Plumier, Charles [1646-1704] Zoo- 

 graphia americana, pisces et volatilia 

 continens, auctore R. P. C. Plumier. 

 ic. 1695] Pre-Linn. 1695.1 



i. Poissons, oiseaux, lizards et insectes — 157 

 figures of fishes. 



ii. Poissons d'Amfirique ■ — 100 figures of 

 fishes. 



iii. Poissons et coquilles — 80 figures of 

 fishes. 



These comprise 3 vols, of unpublished draw- 

 ings of Martinique fishes, composed of 169 folio 

 pages, preserved in the Biblioth^que Nationale, 

 at Paris. Cuvier & Valenciennes state that 

 these were once in the possession of M. E. Bloch, 

 who refers to them in the preface of his Ich- 

 thyology. Many of these figures were reproduced 

 by Bloch and Lac§p6de. For further data, see 

 Biog. Univ., t. XXXV, p. 95. 



Plutarch [c. 46-120 A. D.] De in- 

 dustria animalium, utrum terrestria an 



aquatica plus sapiant. Greece et La- 

 tine, Sim. Grynffio interprete. Basel, 

 1534. 8°. Pre-Linn. 1534.1 



French ed., translated by A. P. de la Roche- 

 foucault, Paris, 1557. 



Les oeuvres de Plutarque, qui 



sont les vies des hommes illustres & les 

 oeuvres morales. 13 vols. Paris, 1574. 

 8°. Pre-Linn. 1574.1 



The editio princeps, by H. Stephanus, ap- 

 peared in 1572. Numerous other early eds. were 

 issued. 



The works of Plutarch, outside of the "Lives," 

 are included under the group term "Morals" 

 (Moralia). In later editions of the works the 

 first item above is included in this group. The 

 earliest English translations of the "Morals" 

 are: 



■ Plutarch's Morals, translated 



into English by Philemon Holland, 

 Doctor in Phvsicke. London, 1603. 

 fol. " Pre-Linn. 1603.1 



— — Plutarch's Morals translated 

 from the Greek by several hands. 5 

 vols. London, 1684-94. sm. 8°. 



Pre-Linn. 1684.1 



Reprinted, London, 1718. Abridged eds. ■ 

 were issued London, 1704 & 1707. 



For present day English readers the ' ' Morals ' ' 

 are best available in the Bohn ed. of 1882-88 (a 

 revision of the 1684 version) and for Americans 

 in the revision of the 1684 version by W. W. 

 Goodwin, Boston, 1870. 



Vol. Ill, book II, question 7 of the Sympo- 

 siacs — "About the fish called Remora or 

 Echeneis [as a shipholderj." Vol. V, p. 157-217, 

 "Which are the more crafty, water animals or 

 those creatures that breed on land"; p. 195-208, 

 "Sagacity of fishes." 



Pollux, Julius ifSrammaticus) [fl. 2nd 

 cent. A. D.] Onomasticon decem libri 

 constans; adjecta interpretatio Latina, 

 etc. 2 parts [in 1 vol.] Francofurti, 

 1608. 4°. Pre-Linn. 1608.1 



Onomasticon Grsece et Latine, 



etc. Amstselodami, 1706. fol. 



Pre-Linn. 1706.1 



Pollux, a Greek writer towards the close of 

 the second century of our era, in one of the 

 books of his "Onomasticon" tells us a good 

 deal about fish and fishing. His book is a dic- 

 tionary arranged according to subject matter. 



Modern eds. in Greek are those by W. Din- 

 dorf, 1824, and I. Bekker, 1846. 



Polo, Marco [c. 1254-1324] For a 

 brief sketch of the travels of Marco 

 Polo, a critical discussion of the various 

 early editions of his book, and an ex- 

 cellent translation, see Marsden, Wil- 

 liam. " The travels of Marco Polo, a 

 Venetian, in the 13th century," etc. 

 London, 1818. roy. 8°. See also the 

 article in Encyclopaedia Britannica, 

 vol. XXII, 1911, by Sir Henry Yule and 

 C. R. Beazley. 



