384 



AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 



Blood — Cont'd. 



Leucocytes 

 or white corpuscles 



Histogenesis of leucocytes. Beard, J. 

 1900.1. — in Lepidosiren. *Bryce, T. H. 

 1904.1, 1905.1. 



Morphology of white corpuscles. General 

 researches. Drzewina, A. 1911.1; Lanine, 

 P. 1912.1; Meinertz, J. Add. 1902.1. 



Special forms of leucocytes. — Nephro- 

 phagocytes in heart and kidney of Teleosts. 

 Cuenot, L. 1907.1, 1912.1. — Eosinophiles. 

 Drzewina, A. 1910.1; Loewenthal, N. 

 1909.1; Stephan, P. 1906.1. 



Eosinophiles are lacking in teleosts ac- 

 cording to Sabrazfes, J. & Muratet, E. 

 1900.4. 



Physiology and functions of leucocytes. 

 Phagocytosis. (The ingestion and digestion 

 of micro-organisms by white corpuscles.) 

 Mesnil, F. 1895.1; Ruediger, G. F. & 

 Davis, D. J. 1907.1. — In lymphorenal 

 tissue, Polyodon. Downey, H. WlO.l. 



Phagocytosis in Hippocampus. Sab- 

 razte, ,J. & Colombot, - 1894.1; Sabraz^s, 

 J. & Muratet, E. 1900.4. 



Experimental physiological researches. 



— Modification to variations in salinity of 

 medium. Drzewina, A. 1906.1, 1908.1. 



— Behaviour in external media. Quinton, 

 R. 1898.1. 



Platelets 



or thrombocytes 



Morphology and function. Eberth, C. J. 



1887.1; Giglio-Tos, E. 1898.1; Sabrazfes, 



J. & Muratet, E. 1908.1; Schwalbe, E. 



1901.1. — Phagocytic powers. Ramon y 

 Cajal, S. 1896.1. 



BLOOD SERUM 



Chemical composition. — In Torpedo. 

 Baglioni, S, 1906.4. — Nitrogen content. 

 Bottazzi, P. 1908.1, .2. — Changes after 

 bleeding in sharks. Buijtendijk, F. J. 



1909.2. — Chemical composition, Sal- 

 monidas. Neresheimer, E. 1909.1. — An- 

 cestral features in blood plasma. Macallum, 

 A. B. Add. 1909.1. 



Hemolytic and toxic effects of eel 

 serum. This has a remarkably strong 

 hemolytic action upon the erythrocytes of 

 most animals (except the hedgehog) and 

 a minute quantity (0.04 c. c.) when in- 

 jected into the veins of a rabbit will cause 

 hemolysis and death. The latter is caused 

 apparently by the action of cytotoxins on 

 the vasomotor and respiratory centers in 

 the medulla. 



For a recent valuable work in French, 

 with an extensive bibliography, treating the 

 entire subject of the toxic effects of the blood- 

 serurn of fishes, see l^Marie Phisalix. 

 " Animaux venimeux et venins." Paris. 

 1922, vol. II, pp. 537-580. 



Effects upon 'Hchthyotoxin'' of eel serum 

 of alkalis, acids, dialysis, artificial digestion, 

 heat, etc.; toxin considered a seralbumin. 

 •Mosso, A. 1888. 2, .6, Add. 1888.1; 

 Mosso, U. 1889.1,. 2. 



Various re.'icorches on the properties of 



eel serum; toxicity, hemolytic or "globuli- 

 cidal" action, acquisition of immunity 

 against these effects, etc. ■A'Camus, L. & 

 Gley, E. 1898.1-1905.1, Add. 1898.1 

 Doerr, R. & Raubitschek, H. 1908.1 

 Magliere, C. 1898.1; Springfield, A 



1889.1; Bellecci, A. & Polara, G. Add 

 1907.1; Blanchard, R. Add. 1903.1 

 5istovi«, F. J. Add. 1899.1; Gley, E, 

 Add. 1907.1; HSricourt, J. & Richet, C 

 Add. 1897.1, .2; Wehrmann, C. Add 

 1897.1. 



Immunization against toxic action, by 

 injection of peptones. Clerc, A. & Loeper, 

 M. 1902.1, .2. — Filtration of hemolysin. 

 Frouin, A. 1908.1. — Prevention of hemo- 

 lysis by action of sodium citrate. Gengou, . 

 1907.1, .2, Add. 1908.1. 



Eel serum possesses property of immuniz- 

 ing venom of viper. Phisalix, C 1896.1. 



The injection of a dose of eel serum, suf- 

 ficient to kill a dog of 10 kgm. in a few 

 minutes is without effect on a goldfish of 

 50 gm.; likewise serum of dog and ass have 

 no effect when injected in goldfish. Scofone, 

 L. & Buffa, E. 1900.1. 



Effects of injection upon cardiac activities. 

 Bardier, E. 1898.1. —Effects of remote 

 injections. Hericourt, J. & Richet, C. 

 1898.1. — Effect upon kidney cells. Pettit, 

 A. 1898.1, 1901. — Antiproteolylic action. 

 Sellier, J. 1905.1, 1906.1. —Effects upon 

 mammalian eye. Sterndorff, K. 1914.1. 



— As a blood anti-coagulant. Delezenne, 

 C. Add. 1897.1. 



Serum of eel is without effect when intro- 

 duced into stomach of dog by way of mouth. 

 Mosso, U. 1889.1; Mosso, A. Add. 1888.1. 



— After similar feeding of rabbits for 

 several months, post-mortem examinations 

 show lesions similar to those produced by 

 injections. Jousset, P. & Lefas, — Add. 

 1904.1. 



Toxic efiects of sera of other fishes. 

 In general these are not so pronouncedly 

 toxic as in the eel. 



Hemolytic and toxic effects of the blood 

 serum of — Petromyzon. Bufifa, E. 1900.1; 

 Cavazzani, E. 1892.1, Add. 1892.1. — 

 Tinea. Cignetti, F. 1900.1; Scofone, L. 

 Add. 1904.1. — Torpedo. Gley, E. 1904.1. 



— Thunnus. Marcacci, A. Add. 1891.1, 

 1893.1. — Various fishes. Bellecci, A. & 

 Polara, G. Add. 1907.1. 



Efiects of injection of mammalian 

 blood serum in fishes. Scofone, L. & 

 Buffa, E. 1900.1. 



BRAIN 



For the Uterature in which the brain 

 and spinal cord are not clearly separable, 

 see Central nervous system under Nervous 

 system. 



For the other component of the central ner- 

 vous system, see Spinal cord. 



Anatomy and morphology 



General treatises on the comparatiie 

 anatomy of the brain of vertebrates. Bel- 

 lonci, G. 1880.1; *Edinger, L. 1893.1, 

 1904.1, 1908.3; Haller, A. 1768.1, Add. 



