394 



AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 



Coloration — Cont'd. 

 nectes platessa. Cunningham, J. T. (pie- 

 bald spm.) 1893.1; Gadeau de Kerville, 

 H. 1895.1; Schleep, B. C. 1829.2. — 

 Myxine {partial). Dean, B. 1903.2. — 

 Brook-trout. Freeburg, B. 1878.1; Pettis, 

 C. R. 1903.1. — Merluccius. Garstang, 

 W. 1900.1. —Anguilla. Knox, F. J. 

 1871.1; Raettig, A. 1879.1; Seligo, A. 

 1901.2.— Soiea. Lagatu.H. 1887.1; Sacchi, 

 M. 1899.1, .2. — Clarias anguillaris. Pan- 

 ceri, P. 1873.1. — Micropterus. Shufeldt, 

 R. W. 1902.1i. — Salmofario. Surbeck, G. 



1904.1. — Raja. Traquair, R. H. 1893.8. 

 — Silurus. Zur Muhlen, M. 1911.24. 



Ambicoloration or unicoloration in 

 flat-fishes, see under Pleuronectidae. 



Melanism or development of black 

 pigmentation. •Klunzinger, C. B. 



1903.2, 1907.1; Knauthe, K. 1892.1. — 

 Barbus. Annandale, N. 1907.2. — Cy- 

 prinodon. Arnold, J. P. 1912.30. — 

 Phoxinus Iwvis. Fatio, V. 1875.1, .2. — 

 Platyglossus. Gilnther, A. 1871.1. • — Cy- 

 prinidai. Siebold, C. T. 1861.2. 



Metachromatism or abnormal color 

 variants, suggesting albinism, xantho- 

 chroism, etc. — Polychromism in Myxine. 

 Dean, B, 1903.2. — In various Italian 

 fishes. Ninni, E. 1903.3 (Pleuronectes) , 

 1907.2, 1908.1; Trois, E. F. 1909.2, 

 (Lophius) 1909.3. — Anguilla. Ninni, E. 

 1912.2; Pavesi, P. 1894.1; Trois, E. F. 

 1905.2, 1908.3. 



Xanthochroism, or appearance of 

 yellow pigmentation. Schreitmilller, 

 W. 1911.12. — Anguilla. Bolau, C. C. 

 1881.2; Kershaw, J. A, 1904.1. — Petro- 

 myzon. Festa, E. 1900.1. — Nemachilus. 

 Fischer, J. 1874.1. — Phoxinus. Riedel, K. 

 1911.1. 



CHANGES IN COLOEATION 



Adaptive coloration or slight temporary 

 modifications in coloration to fit the environ- 

 ment. Agassiz, A. 1892.1; Franz, V. 

 1910.2; LaBlanch^re, P. R. 1872.4; Noe, 

 J. & Dissard, A. 1894.1; Schenk, H. 

 1914.1. 



Observations on color changes in various 

 fishes. Hemeke, F. 1875.1; Schreitmilller, 

 W. 1914.7; Semper, C. Add. 1895.1. — 

 Salmo fario. Crisp, E. 1864.1; Schon- 

 dorfif, A. 1903.1. —Coitus bubalis. Cun- 

 ningham, J. T. 1889. 2. — Gasferosteus. 

 Dallas, J. 1895.1. — Capros aper. Day, 

 F. 1880.9. — Labrus maculatus. Holt, E. 

 W. & Byrne, L. W. 1897.2. —Lebias. 

 Schenk, H. 1914.1. —Echeneis. Schnee, 

 S. 1902.1; Vaillant, L. L. Add. 1884.1. 



Miscellaneous papers on changes in 

 coloration. Chamberlain, W. B. 1867.1- 

 H., T. W. 1876.1; Harting, P. 1868.3, 

 1871.3; Hermann, L. 1896.1; Kent, W. 

 S. 1873.3; M., A. R. 1871.1; Regan, C. 

 T. 1909.9; Schenkling-Pr^vot, - 1894.1- 

 •To-wnsend, C. H. 1908.1, 1910.1; Anon! 

 131, 203, 204. 



Experimentally induced changes. Pou- 

 •chet, G. 1871.2, 1872.7, 1873.1. —Im- 

 portance of physical stimulus. Rynberk, 



G. A. 1911.1, .2. — Slow changes through 

 confinement in vessels of different colors. 

 Stark, James 1830.1. — Nocturnal and 

 diurnal changes. Verrill, A. E. 1897.1. — 

 Seasonal changes. Wheatland, R. H. 

 1862.1. 



Influence of vision (including color 

 perception) in color changes. (Watson 

 considers such adaptation to background as 

 an instinctive response, controlled entirely 

 by the sympathetic system and without 

 reference to color perception.) 



Adaptation in coloration of flat-fishes 

 (Pleuronectidae) to various backgrounds, 

 and influence of vision in these changes. 

 Bordage, E. 1911.1; Loeb, J. 1912.1; 

 Mast, S. O. 1915.1, .2, Add. 1913.1; Poli- 

 manti, O. 1912.1; •Sumner, F. B. 1910.1- 

 1911.2; Steinach, E. Add. 1891.1. — 

 Coloration of flounders after extirpation of 

 eyes. Buijtendijk, F. J. 1911.1; Lubach, 



D. 1864.2. 

 Popular review of Sumner. Montanus, 



E. 1912.1. 

 For a most valuable contribution with 



colored plates on color changes in the 

 flounders, see -A-Mast, S. O. in Bull. U. S. 

 Bureau Fisheries, 1914 (1916), vol. 

 xxxiv, pp. 173-238, 19 pis. 



Unilateral change, produced by excision 

 of one eye. Pouchet, G. 1877.1, .2; 1879.1. 

 — Discussion of this work. Giard, A. 

 1877.1. — Visual influence. Fiore, G. 

 1906.1. 



Lack of color adaptation in blinded fishes. 

 Mayerhofer, F. 1909.1; Pouchet, G. 

 1876.1; Sumner, F. B. 1911.2. 



For other instances of color vision, in- 

 volving only slight color changes, see Color 

 perception under Behavior. 



Mechanism of color changes through 

 contraction and expansion of chromato- 

 phores. Ballowitz, E. 1912.1-1914.1, Add. 

 1914.1-.3; Lode, A. 1891.1; Nardo, G. 

 D. 1844.3; Pfeffer, G. J. 1910.1; Pro- 

 vazek, F. 1900.2; •Spaeth, R. A. 1913.1- 

 1914.1; Vescovi, P. 1886.1; Zimmer- 

 mann, -1893.1; Fuchs, R. F. Add. 1914.1; 

 •Rynberk, G. A. Add. 1906.1. 



Innervation of chromatophores, relation 

 to central nervous system, etc. Bauer V 

 1910.2; Eberth, C. J. & Bunge, R. 1895.1; 

 Fnsch, K. 1910.1; •Pouchet, G. 



1871.1, 1872.3, 1876.1; Rynberk, G. A. 



1906.2, 1907.1, 1908.1; BalloTvitz, E. 

 Add. 1893.1, 1894.1. —Effects of section 

 of nervus sympathicus. S^cerov, S. 1913.1. 



COMMENSALISM AND SYMBIOSIS 



For a related topic, see Parasitic fishes. See 

 also Parasites of fishes. 



Popular general works, including fishes. 

 Beneden, P. J. Add. 1876.1; Step, E. 

 Add. 1914.1. 



Miscellanea, popular accounts, etc. Bene- 

 den, P. ,J. 1869.1, 1871.1; Christopher, 

 H. 1905.1; Coupin, H. 1899.1; CuSnot, 

 L. 1892.1; Grieg, J. A. 1896.3. —Bar- 

 nacle on gar pike. Ryder, J. A. 1879.2. 

 — Mullet encased in Pyrosoma, an Ascid- 

 %an. Giglioli, E. H. Add. 1886.1. 



