SUBJECT INDEX — MORPHOLOGICAL SECTION 



395 



Algss and fishes. Green algw growing 

 on fishes. Link, E. 1911.1; Minakata, K. 

 1908.1. 



For plants destructive to fishes such as the 

 bladderwort, see Noxious organisms under 

 Piscicvilture. For Fungus growths, see 

 Diseases of the gills and skin under 

 Pathology. 



Coelenterates and fishes. Hydroids 

 and fishes. Franz, V. & Steehow, E. 

 1908.1; Heath, H. 1910.1; Lloyd, R. E. 

 1907. 2,. 4. — Minous inermis and hydroid, 

 Stylactis. Alcock, A. W. 1892.1, 1899.4. 



— Dogfish with Sertularia on dorsal spine. 

 Cornish, T. 1868.5. — Hippocampus 

 covered with Serialia. Newman, E. 1873.2. 



Fishes associated with medusce. Alcock, 

 A. W. 1901.1; Gadeau de Kerville, H. 

 1894.1; GiU, T. N. 1877.5; Oesterbol, 

 A. 1885.1, .2; Peach, C. W. 1855.1; 

 Scheuring, L. 1915.1; Collingwood, C. 

 Add. 1867.1, 1868.1. — Caranx and me- 

 dusce. Lunel, G. 1883.1; Pellegrin, J. 

 1905.3; Anon. 64; Giard, A. Add. 1887.1. 



— Trachurus and medusce. Macleay, W. J. 

 Add. 1884.2. 



Fishes (Premnas and Amphiprion) living 

 in sea anemones. Collingwood, C. 1868.1; 

 Crespignv, C. C. 1869.1; Horst, K. 

 1901.1; Sluiter, C. P. Add. 1888.1. 



Nomeus commensal with the Portuguese 

 Man-of-war (Physalia). Wallich, G. C. 

 Add. 1863.1, 1869.1. 



Echinoderms and fishes. Syngnathus 

 intestinalis living inside Holothurians. 

 Ramsay, E. P. 1881.1. — Fish (not named) 

 commensal with an echinus. Sarasin, C. F. 

 Add. 1886.1. 



Fierasfer symbiotic with echino- 

 derms, pearl oysters, and tunicates. 



Fierasfer living in Holothurians. Alcock, 

 A. W. 1901.1; Anderson, A. J. 1859.1; 

 Bosset, C. P. 1839.1; *Emery, C. 1880.1, 

 .2; Grieg, J. A. 1896.3; Holder, C. F. 

 1881.1; Holder, J. B. 1871.1; •Linton, 



E. 1907.1; Waite, E. R. 1897.1; Semper, 

 C. Add. 1868.1. 



Living in starfishes. Bleeker, P. 1854.17, 

 .19, 1858.14; Doleschall, C. L. 1858.1- 

 1861.2. 



Symbiosis with pearl oysters. Gilnther, 

 A. 1886.1; Par\'ille, H. 1899.1; Putnam, 



F. W. 1874.4; Saint-Amans, J. F. 1778.1; 

 Southwell, T. 1910.3; Steams, R. E. 

 Add. 1887.1. 



Living within tunicates. Weber, M. 

 1905.1. 



Mollusks and fishes. Apogonichthys 

 strombi (a fish) living in the mantle cavity 

 of Strombus gigas. Plate, L. H. 1908.1. 



Occasionally fishes (Fierasfer and Oligo- 

 cottus) have been found, imbedded or cohered 

 over by the mother-of-pearl layer, in valves 

 of the pearl-oyster. See Giinther, A. 1886.1; 

 and Stearns, R. E. /Add. 1887.1. 



The following citations indicate that oc- 

 casionally fishes (Batrachus and Ophidium) 

 may be found in oysters. Dekay, J. E. 

 1842.2; Heyke, D. Pre-Linn. 1744.1. 

 For incubation (of Bitterling, Rhodeus) 



in gill-cavities of mussels, see Parental care 

 under Reproduction. 



For implantation and parasitism of the 

 Glochidia of fresh-water mussels (Unionidoe) 

 on fishes, see MoUusca under Parasites. 



Sponge and fish. Garmannia spongi- 

 cola n. sp. from off North Carolina, a goby 

 inhabiting the cavities of large cuplike 

 sponges. Radcliffe, L. 1917.1. 



Symbiosis among fishes 



The pilot fish (Naucrates ductor) ac- 

 companying sharks. Beneden, P. J. 1870.1; 

 Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire, E. 1802.7, 1807.2; 

 Holder, 0. F. 1900.2; Moseley, H. N. 

 1879.1; Penny, C. F. 1873.1; Winkler, 

 -1802.1; Anon. 362. 



Seriola zonata accompanying sharks. 

 Holder, C. F. 1900.2. 



The sucking fishes, Echeneis and Re- 

 mora, symbiotic with sharks. Baird, S. F. 

 1876.16; Beneden, P. J. 1870.1; Burnell, 

 A. H. 1876.1; Castillo, L. 1912.11; 



Cornish, T. 1870.3; Geare, R. I. 1902.1; 

 Holder, C. F. 1900.2, 1905.2; Moseley, 

 H. N. 1879.1; Anon. 362. 



Echeneis symbiotic with — Sphyrcena 

 barracuda. Liltken, C. F. 1874.1 (v). — 

 Balistidce. Murphy, R. C. 1914.1. 



For a discussion of the habit of the suck- 

 ing fishes of entering the gill cavities or 

 mouths of their hosts, with a resume of all 

 known accounts, see E. W. Gudger in 

 Natural History, 1922, vol. 22, pp. 243- 

 249. 



DEEP-SEA FISHES 



Under this term are included the fishes 

 adapted to conditions of extreme cold and utter 

 darkness living between the 100-fathoms line 

 or the boundary of the continental shelf, often 

 taken as an arbitrary upper limit, and the abyssal 

 depths of nearly 3% miles. 



The latter, the greatest from which a deep- 

 sea fish has been dredged, is the profound depth 

 of 6,035 meters, (19,800 ft.) where, off the Cape 

 Verde Islands, a Brotulid, Grimaldichthns pro- 

 fwidissimus Roule (1913.5, Add. 1914.2) was 

 taken by the Prince of Monaco. 



A table including the recorded depths for 

 all (earlier) species will be found in Brauer, 

 A. 1908.1, pp. 365-410. 



Macrias omissus from off southern 

 Chili, largest deep-sea fish recorded to 

 1900, was about five feet in length. Gill, 

 T. N. & Townsend, C. H. 1901.1. 



Apparatus used in deep-sea investiga- 

 tions. Regnard, P. 1893.4; •Tanner, Z. 

 L. 1885.1-1889.1; Add. 1897.1; Town- 

 send, C. H. 1902.1, Add. 1896.1; Albert 

 I, H. C. Add. 1891.1; Hoyle, W. E. Add. 

 1889.1. 



Existence of a pelagic element in the 

 bassalian fauna. Chun, C. 1887.1, 1888.1, 

 1890.1. 



" Tenanting of the deep sea with fishes 

 has been a gradual process, beginning at 

 latest in early Cretaceous times and gradu- 

 ally proceeding until the present day." 

 Woodward, A. S. 1898.1. 



Miscellaneous items, popular accounts, 

 etc., on deep-sea fishes. Agassiz, A. 1888.1; 

 Carpenter, W. L. 1870.1; Christison, S. 



