396 



AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 



Deep-sea Fishes — Cont'd. 

 1905.1; Delaroche, F. E. 1809.3; Ever- 

 mann, B. W. 1902.24; Goode, G. B. 

 1889.1; Hussakof, L. 1915.2; Jordan 

 D. S. 1908.1; Malmgren, A. J. 1870.2 

 Martens, J. B. 1883.1; Vaillant, L. L 

 1886.1, 1887.1; Wade, H. T. 1910.1 

 Anon. 228, 393; GUI, T. N. Add. 1884.1 

 Hunt, A. R. Add. 1888.1. 



General popular treatises 



The following citations are general 

 popular scientific works on the conditions 

 affecting life in the depths of the ocean, 

 including some matter on fishes. Many 

 of these authors have been leaders in 

 deep-sea and general oceanographical 

 investigations. 



Text in English. BuUen, F. T. 1901.1- 

 1904.2; Hickson, S. J. 1893.1; •John- 

 stone, J. 1908.1, 1911.2; •Murray, J. & 

 Hjort, J. 1912.1; •Thomson, C. W. 

 1873.1, 1877.1; Wallich, G. C. 1862.1. 



Text in French. DoUo. L, 1885.1, Add. 

 1891.1; •Filhol, H. 1884.1, 1885.1. 



Text in German. •Chun, C. 1900.1, 

 1903.1; Marshall, W. A. 1888.1; See- 

 iinger, O. 1901.1. 



The follov)ing are smaller papers on the 

 environmental conditions prevailing in the 

 oceanic depths. Mangoldt, E. 1912.1; 

 Nutting, C. C. 1901.1; Reed, T. S. 1904.1; 

 Roule, L. 1912.6; Walther, J. K. 1904.1. 



General systematic treatises 



For a recent valuable systematic mono- 

 graph with colored plates of many char- 

 acteristic species and a full bibliography, 

 based primarily on the collections of the 

 " Valdivia " of the German Deep-Sea Ex- 

 pedition, see •Brauer, A. 1908.1. 



For a general resume, with descriptions 

 and figures of all forms knoum up to 1896, 

 based chiefly on the collections of the "Alba- 

 tross," see •Goode, G. B. & Bean, T. H. 

 1896.1. 



Large collections were obtained which 

 have been made the subjects of extensive 

 monographs, in the reports of the following 

 oceanographic expeditions. — " Investi- 

 gator," Indian Ocean. Alcock, A. W. 

 1899.1. — " Challenger." •Gilnther, A. 

 1887.5. — " Travailleur et Talisman." 

 •Vaillant, L. 1888.2. 



The collections of the Prince of Monaco, 

 made principally in the North Atlantic 

 and the Mediterranean on the campaigns 

 of his yachts, " Hirondelle " and the "Prin- 

 cesse Alice," have been described by Albert 

 I, H. C. 1887.1-1906.1; Collett, R. 

 1889.1, 1890.1, 1896.2; Richard, J. 



1905.1; Roule, L. 1913.5, 1914.1, .6; 

 •Zugmayer, E. 1911.1, 1911.2, 1913.2, 

 1914.1. 



List of known species of deep-sea fishes, 

 with distribution. Garman, S. 1899.1. 



Coloration of deep-sea fishes 



The significance of coloration in deep-sea 

 fishes is intimately bound up with the question 

 of the depth of the penetration of sunlight. 

 Many authors, especially Nutting, believe that 



light in the greater depths is furnished by the 

 phosphorescent organisms. 



Dr. J. Hjort of the " Michael Sars " expedi- 

 tion (Hjort, J. 1911.1), found that at 500 meters 

 red rays are absent and blue and violet rays 

 present; at 1,000 m. ultra-violet rays are percep- 

 tible; and at 1,700 m. there is no trace of light. 

 He suggested that the 500 meter line marks 

 the border between two differently colored 

 faunas; iridescent and silvery fishes occur in 

 the upper zone, black and red fishes in the lower. 

 At and beyond such depths these colors would 

 tend to render the fishes invisible. 



For further discussion of the coloration 

 of deep-sea fishes, see Burke, C. V. 1911.1; 

 Nutting, C. C. 1899.1, 1901.1. 



Sense organs of deep-sea fishes 



For the anatomy of the phosphorescent 

 organs, see under Luminosity and phos- 

 phorescence. 



For the most comprehensive treatment of 

 the anatomy of the eye and the phosphores- 

 cent organs of deep-sea fishes, see •Brauer, 

 A. 1908.2. 



Structure of the eyes, both normal and 

 the protruding telescopic eyes of some forms. 

 Brauer, A. 1902.2, .3, 1904.1; Caullery, 

 M. 1905.1; Franz, V. 1907.1; Frisch, 

 K. 1909.1; Lendenfeld, R. 1885.1; 



Zugmayer, E. 1910.2. 



Possibility of vision in the deep sea. 

 Chun, C. 1893.1. 



Anatomy of the — brain. •Trojan, E. 

 1906.1 — of the ear. •Bierbaum, G. Add. 

 1914.1. 



DEEP-SEA FAUNA 



With a geographical arrangement 



Antarctic Ocean. •DoUo, L. 1900.1- 

 1900.4, 1904.1, 1906.2,.3, 1907.1, 1908.1, 

 1909.1, .3; •Pappenheim, P. 1914.1. 



Arctic Ocean. Jensen, A. S. 1905.1; 

 Jordan, D. S. & Clark, G. A. 1906.1; 

 Lutken, C. P. 1880.1, .4. —Bering Sea. 

 Gilbert, C. H. 1895.1. 



Indian Ocean. •Alcock, A. W. 1889.3- 

 1902.1; Alcock, A. W. & McGilchrist, 

 A. C. 1892.1; Boulenger, G. A. 1901.17; 

 •Lloyd, R. E. 1909.1. 



North Atlantic Ocean 



Various localities, especially deep waters 

 off the European countries. Bean, B. A. 

 1898.2; Bean, B. A. & Weed, A. C. 

 1909.1, .2; Beechey, F. W. 1842.1; Col- 

 lett, R. 1904.1; •Goode, G. B. & Bean, 

 T. H. 1878.2,.4,.5, 1881.2, 1882.3, 1885.2, 

 .3, 1894.1, .2,.3; Gilnther, A. C. 1874.4, 

 1888.2, 1889.1, .2,.3; •Hjort, J. 1901.4, 

 1911.1, .2; Holt, E. W. & Byrne, L. W. 

 1908.1; Jungersen, H. F. 1898.1, 1899.1, 

 1905.1; Lea, E. 1913.2; Poppe, S. A. 

 1903.1. 



Deep water off Portugal. Girard, A. A. 

 1893.2, 1895.1; Lutken, C. F. 1894.1; 

 Neuville, H. 1897.2; Osorio, B. 1906.2, 

 1909.1, 1911.1; Wright, E. P. 1868.1. 



Mediterranean Sea. Ariola, V. 1904.1, 

 1912.1; Giglioli, E. H. 1884.1, 1893.1; 

 •Lo Bianco, S. 1901.1, 1903.1, 1904.1; 

 Marion, A. F. 1883.2; Palacky, J. 1887.1; 

 •Zugmayer, E. 1911.2. 



