398 



AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 



Dentition — Cont'd. 



Development^ structure, and arrangement 

 of teeth in various genera, chiefly Petro- 

 myzon. Beard, J. 1888.7, 1889.1; Behrens, 

 G. 1891.1; •Jacoby.M. 1894.1; Kenaut, 

 J. 1900.1; Scott, W. B. 1883.2; Tims, H. 

 W. 1906.1; •Warren, E. 1902.1; Stud- 

 niCka, F. K. Add. 1900.1. 



Dentition of Plagiostomi 



Numerous genera of fossil sliarlcs, whose re- 

 lationsliips, in many cases, are but imperfectly 

 known, have been described from isolated 

 teeth. It is obviously beyond the sphere of the 

 present work to adequately refer to these 

 genera. They are, moreover, carefully treated 

 in Woodward's " Catalogue of the fossil fishes 

 in the British Museum " (Woodward, A. S. 

 1889.2), to which reference may be made. 



There are a large number of Pre-Linnaean 

 references to isolated fossil shark teeth, which 

 were known as glossopetrae, and to the fossil 

 teeth of pycnodont fishes known as bufonites 

 (toad-stones, i. e., stones supposed to have been 

 formed in the head of a toad). These are 

 brought together under Palgeontology. 



The myth of the toad-stones is discussed in 

 Hussakof, L. 1915.3. 



Important treatises in German, chiefly in- 

 augural dissertations, on the development 

 and histological structure of Selachian 

 teeth. Benda, C. 1881.1; •Hertwig, W. 

 A. 1874.1; •Jentsch.B. 1897.1; •Laaser, 

 P. 1900.1, 1903.1; Owen, R. 1839.3, 

 1840.4; H-Rose, C. 1897.1; Treuenfels, 

 P. 1896.1. 



Numerous shark teeth were dredged in 

 the tropical Pacific by the Albatross. See 

 Eastman, C. R. 1903.6, 1906.3. 



Histology and development of the rostral 

 teeth of the sawfish, Pristis. -A-Engel, H. 

 1909.1; Green, J. 1859.2; Hilgendorf, 

 F. M. 1888.1; KoUiker, R. 1860.5. 



Peculiar modified flattened posterior 

 teeth occur in the Port Jackson shark, 

 Cestracion. Miklukho-Maklai, N. N. 

 1879.1. 



Dentition of the eagle rays, Myliobalidce. 

 These possess both an upper and lower 

 median series of modified, fiat, pavement- 

 like, crushing teeth. -A-Gudger, E. W. 

 1910.2, 1914.1; Harless, E. 1847.1; 



•Stefano, G. 1914.2; Stromer, E. 1904.1; 

 Treuenfels, P. 1896.1. 



Sexual differences chiefly in the shape and 

 size of the teeth have been described in the 

 following forms. — Raja. Liltken, C. F. 

 1874. 3, .5. — Nolidanus (Heptanchus) . 

 Macdonald, J. D. & Barron, C. 1868.1. 



— Mobula. Pellegrin, J. 1912.12. 



The evolution of sharks' teeth. Woodward, 

 A. S. 1892.4. 



Fine figures of the teeth and of the jaws 

 with teeth of Plagiostomes may be found in 

 Garman, S. 1913.1. 



Descriptions of individual teeth or the 

 complete dentition of the following forms. 



— Carcharias. Ayres, W. O. 1849.5. — 

 Rhineodon. Bean, B. A. 1905.2; Giidger, 

 E. W. 1915.1. — Hexanchus. Carruccio, 

 A. 1896.1. — Nolidanus primigenius. 

 Probst, J. 1858.1. — Chlamydoselachus. 

 Rose, C. 1894.2. — Mustelus. Spengel, 

 J. W. 1905.1. — Lamna. Stannius, F. H. 

 1842.1. —Crtorhinus. Turner, W. 1879.2. 



Dentition of various fossil Elasmo- 

 branchs. — Cladodus. Claypole, E. W. 

 1895.6; Eastman, C. R. 1900.1. — Acan- 

 thodei. Dean, B. 1907.2. — Cochliodon- 

 tidoe. McCoy, F. 1852.1; Owen, R. 

 1867.3,.4. 



Miscellaneous and usually unimportant 

 papers on sharks' teeth or the dentition, 

 succession, etc. Agassiz, J. L. 1844.5, 

 1874.2; Andr6, W. 1784.1; Balkwill, 

 F.H. 1875.1; Bicknell, E. 1872.1; Cocco, 

 L. 1896.1; Forbes, H.O. 1879.1; Grube, 

 A. E. 1878.2; Waldow, - 1911.1. 



Miscellaneous early references to sharks' 

 teeth, to be found in Pre-Linn. section. 

 Geoffroy, C. 1741.1; Herissant, F. 1753.1; 

 Lister, M. 1674.1. 



Dentition of Holocephall 



The dental plate of Chimceroids (Callor- 

 hynchus) develops from a single enlarged 

 flattened tooth according to Schauinsland, 

 H. H. 1903.1 (p. 13, pi. 20). 



General remarks on Chimceroid dentition. 

 Hilgendorf, F. M. 1886.1. 



Dental plates of Jurassic Chimceroids. 

 Jaekel, O. M. 1901.1. 



' Dentition of Dipnoi 



Homology with Dinichthys. Gill, T. N. 

 1879.4. 



Teeth; Upper Silurian forms. Rohon, 

 J. V. 1899.1. 



In Neoceratodus, as shown by Semon, 

 the dental plates arise by the fusion of a 

 number of separate small teeth. Briquel, M. 

 P. 1898.1; •Semon, R. W. 1899.2, 

 1901.5. 



Dental plates of numerous fossil species 

 ofCeratodus. Boklen, H. 1887.1; Miall, 

 L. C. 1878.1, .3; Woodward, A. S. 1907.1. 



Histology of teeth of Protopterus. Owen, 

 R. 1840.2; Rose, C. 1892.1. 



Dentition of Lepidosirenidoe. Stromer, 

 E. 1910.2. 



Dentition of Teleostomi 



Development and histology of teeth in 

 Teleostei. Carlsson, A. 1894.1; •Fried- 

 mann, E. 1897.1; Ghigi, A. 1905.1, .2; 

 Rose, C. 1897.1; Tomes, C. S. 1875.1- 

 1900.1. 



CHONDROSTEl and HOLOSTEI 



The Acipenseridae, according to Zograf, 

 possess teeth while young. From the sterlet 

 (Acipenser ruihenus), in which they are lost at 

 the age of one year, a series extends to Psephurus 

 gladius which retains them throughout life. 

 Folydon likewise retains its teeth when mature. 



References. Murray, A. 1871. 1 ; Parker, 

 W. K. 1881.1 (pi. 14, fig. 6); Pavlov, H. 

 1879.1; Peltzam, E. 1870.1; •Zograf, 

 N. Y. 1887.5, 1896.2. 



Lepidosteidce. Barkas, W. J. 1878.2. 

 — Lepidosteus, analogies with labyrintho- 

 donts. Wyman, J. 1844.1. 



TEETH OF TELEOSTEI 

 Most systematic treatises include descrip- 

 tions of the form and arrangement of the teeth. 

 Numerous genera are based on such characters. 

 It is thus obviously out of question to at- 

 tempt to give a complete list of references 

 here. The following citations are to separate 

 papers deahng with the dentition of the forms 

 named. 



