SUBJECT INDEX — MORPHOLOGICAL SECTION 



409 



book of Embryology. Vol. II, Verte- 

 brata. London, 1919. 591 p. 



For a bibliography of vertebrate em- 

 bryology prior to 1893, see Minot, C. S. 

 Add. 1893.1. 



VARIOUS TOPICS 



In aquarium at Hamburg, eggs of Scyl- 

 lium canicula hatch in from eight to nine 

 months, S. catulus in five or si.v months. 

 Bolau, C. C. 1881.1. — Eggs of dogfish 

 {Squalus), kept in tidal pool at Concar- 

 neau, hatch in nine months after laying. 

 Coste, J. J. 1867.1. 



The bearing of the embryology of the 

 lower fishes on vertebrate morphology. 

 Kerr, J. G. 1906.1. 



Softening of egg membranes by diges- 

 tive ferment at time of hatching. Kerr, 

 J. G. 1901.1; Wintrebert, P. 1912.1,.2.— 

 Hatching of ovum as an osmotic phenom- 

 enon. Philippson, M. 1912.1. 



Weight of developing eggs. Ritter, W. 

 E. & Bailey, S. E. 1908.1. 



Miscellaneous and general papers on 

 embryology. Baer, K. E. 1829.1, 1836.3; 

 Balfour, F. M. 1S75.1; Beard, J. 1896.2, 

 1897.1; Budgett, J. S. 1901.1; Conklin, 

 E. G. 1905.1; Filippi, F. 1841.1, 1845.2, 



1846.1, 1847.1, .2; Gaskell, W. H. 1898.1 

 (xii); Goette, A. 1869.1; Janosik, J. 

 1883.2; KoUiker.R. A. 1850.1; KoUmann, 

 J. 1885.1; Lanzi, L. 1908.1; Lebert, H. 

 1845.1; Minot, 0. S. 1901.2; Pouehet, 

 G. 1872.4; Ryder, J. A. 1882.9, 1883.1; 

 Sedgwick, A. 1910.1; Sundevall, C. J. 



1851.2, 1852.1, 1855.1; Valentin, G. G. 

 1850.1; Vogt, 0. C. 1842.2. 



Experimental Embryology 



Polyembryony (experimental). Batail- 

 lon, E. 1900.3. — Blastodisks of rays cut 

 in fragments fuse to form new disks. Eis- 

 mond, J. 1910.1, .2. — Number of cells in 

 larvce from isolated blastomeres, Am- 

 phioxus. Morgan, T. H. 1896.1. 



Immunity of Fundulv^ eggs to electrical 

 stimulation. Brown, O. H. 1903.1. — 

 Centrifuging, effects on development of 

 eggs. Stein, S. T. 1909.1. 



Changes in chemical energy in develop- 

 ing eggs. Glaser, O. C. 1912.1, .2,.3. 

 — Differences of electrical potential in de- 

 veloping eggs. Hyde, I. H. 1905.1. — 

 Chemical changes in developing egg. Le- 

 vene, P. A. 1901.1. 



Colored lights, influence on development, 

 Gadus and trout. Grein, H. 1914.1; Su- 

 pine, F. 1910.2. — Sunlight, harmful in- 

 fluence to eggs. Millet, C. 1855.2; Page, 

 W. F. 1885.1. 



Effects or influence on developing (flsh) 

 eggs of — Alkaloids. McCIendon, J. F. 

 1912.2. — Alcohol and lithium chloride. 

 Stockard, C. R. 1906.1, 1907.3, 1909.3, 

 1910.4. — Radium. Tur, J. 1906.1- 

 1913.1. — Oxygen deflciency. Loeb, J. 

 Add. 1893.1, 1896.1. 



Resistance of ova to mechanical injury. 

 Steuert, L. 1905.1. — Experimental studies 

 (with cautery). Sumner, F. B. 1903.1, 

 1904.2. 



Influence of temperature on rate of de- 

 I'elopmcnt. Johansen, A. C. & Krogh, A. 

 Add. 1914.1; Krogh, A. Add. 1914.1. 



For related topics, see Experimental re- 

 searclios under Physiology, and later in 

 this section. Germ ring under Gastrulation. 



For the artificial production of mon- 

 strosities, see under Experimental results, 

 and Cyclopia under Teratology. 



Origin and migration 

 of germ cells 



Including "segregation of germ cells." 

 Papers recording this process in — 

 Aniia and Lepidosteus. i^Allen, B. M. 

 1911.1. — Pristiurus, Raja, etc. Beard, 

 J. 1901.1-1904.1, Add. 1902.1. —Lo- 

 phius. Dodds, G. S. 1910.1. — Embioto- 

 cidoe. Eigenmann, C. H. 1891.1, .4, 1896.1, 

 .3. —Salmo. Federow, V. 1907.1. — 

 Opsanus. Sink, E. W. 1912.1. — Squalus. 

 Woods, F. A. 1902.1. — Amiurus. Bach- 

 mann, F. M. Add. 1914.1. — General 

 article. •Waldeyer, W. Add. 1901.1. 



For Oogenesis and maturation of ovum, 

 see under Ova and Ovum. 



Parthenogenesis 



The subject of parthenogenesis in verte- 

 brates has been fully reviewed by -^R. Bon- 

 net in Ergebnisse der Anat. u. Entwicke- 

 lungsgeschichte (Anat. Hefte), 1899, 

 Band ix, 820-870. 



While in vertebrates parthenogenesis 

 does not occur naturally, the cleavage of 

 unfertilized eggs in the ovaries of fishes has 

 been reported in — Cod. Burnett, W. J. 

 in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Soi., 1857, 

 vol. iii, p. 44. — Trout. Oellacher, J. 

 1872.1 (p. 405). — Pickerel. Sturtevant, 

 E. L. 1877.1. — Remarks on this. Brooks, 

 W. K. 1877.1. 



Such intra-ovarian segmentation was 

 noticed in cod, hake, haddock and whiting, 

 and thought to indicate viviparity. Agassiz, 

 J. L. 18.56.11. 



Eggs of Amphioxus show a tendency to 

 divide if not fertilized. Stricht, O. 1896.1. 



The only researches known to us on fishes, 

 wherein artificial parthenogenesis has been 

 induced by chemicals, are those o/Bataillon, 

 E. 1900.6, 1903.1, 1904.1. 



Sex-determination in fishes 



" The sex-chromosome formula _ has 

 not been definitely established, either 

 cytologieally or genetically." 



" There is some evidence, however, that 

 they are of the type, female XX, male XY," 

 through the researches on hybrid viviparous 

 Pceciliidos of Gerschler, W. M. Add. 

 1914.2. 



For confirmatory results and a genetical 

 analysis, see -kS. S. Huxley in Journal of 

 Genetics, 1920, vol. 10, pp. 266-276. 



For a further discussion bearing on this 

 subject, see under Sex-ratio. 



In the Pceciliid Lebistes, O. Winge (Journ. 

 Genetics, 1922, 12, pp. 145-162) has dem- 

 onstrated cytologieally the XX, Xy condition. 



From his studies on the germ cells of 

 Raja and Pristiurus, Beard concluded that 

 sex is pre-determined in the egg and that 



